BIO exam 2: endomembrane system

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7 Terms

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endomembrane system

single membrane structures connected structurally or functionally, compensates for lost surgace area

  1. endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough er): lipid and ribosome synthesis

  2. golgi apparatus: sorting and modifying proteins

  3. lysosomes: digestive enzymes

  4. microbodies: peroxisome, glyoxysome

  5. vacuole: plant, food, and contractile

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endoplasmic reticulum

a. smooth reticulum: makes lipids (fats, phospholipids, steroids)

  • detoxification

  • Calcium Ca++, glycogen (storage and release)

b. rough er: RIBOSOMES attatched, protein synthesis

  • membrane synthesis (lipids + protein)

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Protein trafficking

NUCLEUS: dna → rna → protein → rough ER → vesicle → golgi apparatus → vesicle → various targets or secretion

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Golgi apparatus

1. protein modification

  • glycosylation: addition of oligosaccharides

  • myristylation: addition of lipids

2. sorts and ships proteins via VESICLES

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Lysosomes

breaks down biological moleculs + damaged cell parts

  • PH: 5.0 acidic

  • digests food + microorganimss (phagocytosis) or organelles (autophagy)

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microbodies

  1. peroxisomes: lipid breakdown
    + detoxification of active oxygen species

  2. glyoxysomes: specialized peroxisomes in plants

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vacuoles

  1. LARGE CENTRAL VACUOLE: plants

  • storage of water, minerals, secondary metabolites

  1. CONTRACTILE VACUOLE: freshwater PROTISTS vw/o cell wall

  • removes excess water from cell

  1. FOOD VACUOLE: animal cells

  • food ingested by endocytosis fuse w. lysosome to digest