Tissues, Membranes & Organs

Flashcards for Tissues, Membranes, and Organs lecture review.

Tissues

Grouped cells with similar shape, size, structure, intercellular materials, and function.

4 Main Types of Tissues

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous tissue

Epithelial Tissue

Covers internal and external surfaces; protects, absorbs, filters; examples include skin and lining of body cavities.

Squamous Epithelial Cells

Flat, irregular shaped cells lining the heart, blood and lymphatic vessels, body cavities and alveoli

Cuboidal Epithelial Cells

Cube-shaped cells that line the kidney tubules and cover the ovaries and secretory parts of certain glands.

Columnar Epithelial Cells

Elongated cells lining ducts, digestive tract, and parts of the respiratory tracts and glands, often ciliated.

Simple Epithelium

Single layer of epithelium

Stratified Epithelium

Group or cluster of epithelium in multiple layers

Endocrine Gland Cells

Glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Exocrine Gland Cells

Glands that secrete substances into ducts.

Connective Tissue

Suspended in a fluid or solid matrix; supports, connects, and protects body parts; examples include bones, cartilage, blood, tendons, and fat.

Adipose Tissue

Stores lipid (fat), acts as filler tissue, cushions, supports, and insulates the body.

Areolar Tissue

Surrounds various organs and supports nerve cells and blood vessels; stretches easily and resists tearing.

Dense Fibrous Tissue

Ligaments, tendons, aponeuroses, and fasciae.

Ligaments

Connects bones to bones.

Tendons

Attach skeletal muscles to bones.

Supportive Connective Tissue

Osseous tissue and Cartilage

Vascular Connective Tissue

Blood and Lymph

Muscle Tissue

Made of cells that can contract and elongate; enables movement.

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Found only in the heart.

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Voluntary muscle that you can control (e.g., arm muscle cells).

Smooth Muscle Tissue

Involuntary muscle that you cannot control (e.g., intestinal muscle cells).

Nervous Tissue

Transmits nerve impulses; found in brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Neurons

Generate and conduct nerve impulses.

Supporting Cells (Neuroglial Cells)

Non-conducting cells that support, insulate, and protect neurons.

Membranes

Formed by putting two thin layers of tissue together which may secrete fluid and are classified as epithelial or connective.

Epithelial Membranes

Mucous, Serous, and Cutaneous Membranes

Mucous Membranes

Line surfaces and spaces that lead to the outside of the body (respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and urinary systems); produce mucus.

Serous Membranes

Double-walled membrane that produces a watery fluid and lines closed body cavities; produces serous fluid.

Cutaneous Membranes

Specialized type of epithelial membrane.

Connective Membranes

Synovial Membrane.

Synovial Membrane

Lines the joint cavities and secretes synovial fluid to prevent friction.

Organs

Structure made up of several types of tissues that are grouped together to perform a single function.

Organ Systems

Skeletal, Muscular, Digestive, Respiratory, Circulatory, Excretory, Nervous, Endocrine, Reproductive, and Integumentary.

Tissue Transplant Example

Blood transfusions.

Rejection

Main problem in organ transplants.

Primary Repair

Clean wound where no infection is noted.

Secondary Repair / Granulation

New blood vessels and connective tissues are formed in a large wound with tissue loss; appears pink, pebbly, or bumpy and wet.