List different contraceptive methods and explain the advantages and disadvantages of each for: Oral contraceptives, condoms, Male and female sterilisation, the coil/IUD, spermicide

oral contraceptive combined pill

- keeps you ovulating

- is consistant if 1 pill is taken per day

- spotting or bleeding between periods

oral contraceptive mini-pills / progestin-only pill

- thickens the muscle in the cervix so sperm can't travel through it

- able to get pregnant immediately after stopping the pill

- affect periods in different ways

condoms

- physical barrier to prevent sperm traveling into the vagina and through the cervix

- prevents pregnancy & risk of std

- isn't as good as IUD's or hormone forms as birth controls do

male sterilisation

- cutting and sealing the tubes that carry semen

- convenient & 100% effective

- permanent

female sterilisation

- block the fallopian tubes that carry the egg to the uterus

- 100% effective

- doesn't protect STIs

IUD (copper)

- releases copper into the uterus (toxic for sperm, thins uterus lining)

- long-term protection against pregnancy

- doesn't prevent STIs, side effects i.e. cramps & bleeding

spermicide

- blocking the entrance of cervix to stop sperm from swimming up to an egg

- convenient, can be bought in super markets, hormone-free

- increased the risk of HIV for people who are at high-risk, messy to use