Andrew Jackson and The Revolutions

Salaries/Wages

What did people start working for once they became factory workers?

Less freedom

Market Revolution effects on lives of factory workers.

Artisan

Type of work that began to disappear as a result of the growth of factories.

Market Revolution impact on goods

Made it so that people could not feel that they 'made something' and were important.

Unskilled laborers

Created unskilled laborers that are easy to replace.

War of 1812

Changed the economy

1819

The year the first time the United States experienced any time of economic depression.

Capitalist economy law

Want and Need.

South's economy reason

Sold cotton to textile factories.

Second Great Awakening

Growth in religious feeling, reflection, and involvement.

Market Revolution

Change in the workforce, industries, and economy.

Social and economic image of the market revolution

Changed how the people participated internationally and how we organize our daily lives, shifting from being your own terms to being on the terms of your factory's boss.

Three revolutions (1790

Market revolution changes

Changed how people sold goods to new markets, and different kinds of commodities.

Profitable

The cotton gin made cotton production more profitable.

Transport/Communication revolution

Made it quicker to transport goods and ideas.

Steamships

Made it easier to travel along rivers in both directions.

1825

Year the Erie Canal was completed.

Waterways

Easiest way to travel prior to railroads.

Telegraph

Made it possible to send messages within moments and business deals to be done more quickly.

Industrial Revolution

Revolution in the kinds of machinery people used to make finished goods.

Agrarian Society

Nation of small farmers.

United Kingdom

World capital of textile production during the 1790's.

Water wheel

How was the loom powered?

Samuel Slater

Given the nickname 'Slater the Traitor' for memorizing the plans to make a loom powered by the water wheel to create a textile mill in America.

Women

Worked in the majority of the mills during the revolution due to their skills with cloth.

Eli Whitney

Made the cotton gin.

Cotton gin effects

Pushed for the need of continued slave labor.

Cotton trade

In the 1800s, much of the United States' wealth was built on the cotton trade.

¾

By the start of the Civil War, how much of the world's cotton was supplied by the United States?

Cotton and Slavery

What was the main cause of the civil war?

First Turnpike

1790 Lancaster, PA. By 1832, nearly 2400 miles of the road was connected to most major cities.

Cumberland (National Road)

Erie Canal (1)

1820s, Begun in 1817 and completed in 1825 (1).

Iron Horse (1830)

*130 had 13 miles of track built by Baltimore and Ohio RailRoad. By 1950, 9000 miles of railroad had been built. 1860 and onwards saw 31,000 miles built.

The Railroad Revolution (1850)

Immigrant labor built the North railroads while slave labor built southern railroads.

Reasons for the Market Revolution

A) Created by innovations in transport and communication. B) Change for subsistence farming to large scale cash crops.

Regional Specialization

Northeast was industrialized while the south was raw materials like cotton.

Other Reasons for Market Revolution

The West (Westward migration, urbanization, steady stream of immigrants that were mainly from Ireland and Germany).

Immigration Effects

Leads to rise in nativism (dislike for foreigners who are willing to take cheap wages).

Immigration Waves

5 waves taking course over the years 1841

Women and the Market Revolution

Opportunities were mostly for married women. Working in the mills gave women a chance to escape a rigid expectation of marriage and children.

Outwork System

Whereby small parts of a larger production process were carried out in numerous individual homes, especially important for shoe and boot making.

Factory System

Where work was performed on a large scale in a single centralized location.

Boston Associates

Who recruited thousands of New England farm girls to operate the machines in their new factories.

Lowell Girls

Benefited by experiencing a new kind of independence in Lowell, Massachusetts that started in 1823.

Economic Collapse of 1819

Resulted in a 6 year depression due to the rapid expansion of credit and banks' unregulated activities.

State Charter

Provided special benefits for a private corporation.

Tariff of Abominations

Angered southern states due to the shrinkage of demand for southern raw cotton and increased the final cost of finished goods for buyers in the south.

Nullification

Calhoun argued for this in order to not have to follow the law of abiding by the Tariff of Abominations, hoping he could declare a national law void.

Jackson's Response to Nullification

Ordered troops to be sent in order to collect the tariff.

Andrew Jackson's Military Background

Andrew Jackson was a veteran of both the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812, gaining fame for his victory at the Battle of New Orleans.

Military Service

His military service helped him build a large and influential support base, making him a strong candidate for the presidency.

Jackson's Personality Traits

Jackson's commanding presence, strong will, and decisiveness were key personality traits that resonated with the electorate, portraying him as a leader who could represent and protect the Common Man.

1828 Campaign Conduct

The 1828 campaign was marked by mudslinging and personal attacks, particularly against Jackson's wife Rachel, which was a departure from the more genteel conduct of earlier campaigns.

Consequences of Personal Attacks

The personal attacks on Jackson, especially regarding his wife Rachel, had a profound emotional impact on him, leading him to blame his political enemies for her death shortly after the campaign.

Jackson's View on Presidency

Jackson believed that only the President could truly represent the will of the people, as he felt Congress was acting like an aristocracy and failing to represent the public's interests.

Spoils System

The Spoils System was a practice where government offices were awarded to political supporters, with the intention of rotating officeholders to ensure that new appointees remained in touch with the public and to promote democracy.

Jackson's Governance Approach

Jackson differed from his predecessors by believing that Congress was not effectively representing the people, whereas previous presidents had faith in Congress's ability to do so. He also embraced a stronger executive role.

Corruption in Government

Corruption refers to dishonest and tyrannical control of government, characterized by a lack of genuine representation of the people and often leading to abuse of power.

Impact of Removing Property Requirements

Removing property requirements for voting allowed a broader segment of the population to participate in elections, leading to a shift in political party strategies to include and appeal to these new voters.

Social Changes from Westward Expansion

Westward expansion fostered greater social equality and reduced tolerance for aristocratic values, as the availability of land and opportunities led to a more egalitarian society.

Jackson's Rise to Power

Andrew Jackson's rise to power symbolized the triumph of the common man over the aristocracy, as he was a self

Characteristics Distinguishing Jackson

Jackson was distinct from earlier presidents as he was a self

Atmosphere During Jackson's Inauguration

The atmosphere was chaotic and tumultuous, contrasting sharply with the quiet and orderly period of the Adams administration.

Stansbury's account of Jackson's inauguration

Stansbury's account highlights the disorder and chaos of Jackson's inauguration compared to the previous administration's calmness, reinforcing critics' concerns that Jackson's rise represented a chaotic populism, or the 'reign of King Mob'.

Populist

A populist is someone who advocates for the interests and rights of the common people. Andrew Jackson is considered a populist due to his background as a military hero and frontiersman, which resonated with ordinary citizens, contrasting with the elite backgrounds of previous presidents.

Celebrations of Jackson's supporters

Jackson's supporters celebrated with exuberance and a sense of victory, while his opponents viewed the celebrations as immature and were critical of the idea of a common man, like Jackson, running the country.

Cherokee rose

The Cherokee rose symbolizes the tears shed by Native Americans during the Trail of Tears, as legend states that it grew in every spot where a tear fell. Today, these flowers can be found along many of the trails taken by Native Americans during their forced relocation.

Political support for Indian removal

President Jackson's Indian removal policy faced little political opposition because it was supported by his primary backers from southern and western states, who favored relocating Indian tribes to lands west of the Mississippi River.

Cherokee Nation's response to Indian removal policy

The Cherokee Nation resisted the Indian removal policy through legal action, demonstrating their organized efforts to protect their rights and lands, contrasting the perception of them as 'frontier savages'.

Chief Osceola

Chief Osceola played a crucial role in leading the Seminole resistance against removal in Florida, initiating a war that lasted into the 1840s, showcasing the formidable opposition to Indian removal policies.