Statistics

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30 Terms

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Descripvtive stats

branch of statistics that include methods for organizing and summarzing data

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inferential statistics

branch of stats that involve generalizing froma sample to the population from which the sample was selected .

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Bivariate data set

Data set consisting of pairs of number

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Univariate data set

data set with only one characteristic

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multivariate data set

data set containing two or more attributes

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discrete numerical variable

the values have no intervals between

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continous numerical variable

values have intervals between

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observational study

study in which characteristics of a sample selected from one or more existing populations are observed

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Experiment

study that investigates how a response variable behaves when one or more explanatory variables.

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selection bias

samples are different from population due to systematic exclusion

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measurement or response bias

samples differ from population because the method used produced values different from the true ones.

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nonresponse bias

when data is not received from everybody in the sample.

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stratified random sampling

you make groups that’re completely different and then you conduct simple random testing on each group

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cluster sampling

you make groups that’re very similar then you conduct simple random testing on each group

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explanatory variables

the variables being controlled

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response variable

the result

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experimental condition (treatments)

the values for the explanatory variables.

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Extraneous variable

one that isn’t important to the study but can affect the result

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confounding variables

variables that can’t be distinguished by their effect on the result.

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blocking

using extraneous variables to make groups that’re similar and then do the experiment on each group

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direct control

make sure the extraneous variables are always there for each run of the experiment.

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control group

group that doesn’t recieve any treatment

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placebo

make them think you gave them a treatment but you didnt

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double blind experiment

both the subject or the individual who measures the response know who got what treatment

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single blind experiment

an experiment in which the subjects don’t know what’s happening but hte ones measuring do or vice versa.

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pos skewed

means the lower tail is to the right

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neg skewed

means the lower tail is to the left

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heavy tail bell curve

the curve is steep

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light tail bell curve

the curve is not steep

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law of large numbers

the higher repetitions, the closer the relative frequency of an event is to the true probability of that event.