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Port
Different path or road that data can travel down to get to different places.
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
Secure, reliable connection
Makes sure that the data gets to where it needs to be
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
Connectionless.
Not guaranteed that the data is going to make it.
Connectionless Protocols
"I start talking. I don't even check if Bob's on the other end"
Ex. DHCP and TFTP
Connection-oriented protocols
Verifying that the other person is on the other end. Asking if they're getting the message. If not, then you'll resend the message. Finally, "Ok. Talk to you later. BYE."
Ex. HTTPS and SSH
TCP VS UDP
TCP: Puts the puzzle together to verify that all the pieces are there. Then, packs it up neatly and sends. If anything is missing, I will send you a new one.
UDP: Chucks puzzle pieces at you. I don't care if you get them all or if any are missing.
Why would someone want to use UDP over TCP?
Since UDP isn't checking to make sure that everything is okay like TCP, it's faster. You want UDP when the speed of communication is more important than reliability.
Ex. voice and video
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
Port 20/21
Upload and download files
Secure Shell (SSH)
Port 22.
Secure Remote access to another computer over the command line.
Telnet
Port 23.
Unsecure remote connection to a computer over the command line
RDP vs Telnet and SSH
RDP: I see what's on your computer screen
Telnet and SSH: Command line
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
Port 25
Send email
DNS (Domain Name System)
Port 53
Assigns IP address to Domain names
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
Port 67/68
Assigns IP addresses to computers
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
Port 80
Unsecure websites
POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3)
Port 110
Receives email
NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System)
Port 137/139
Legacy. Allows communication between computers and devices within a network
IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)
Port 143
Receives email
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
Port 161/162
Managing network devices in one (centralized) place
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol)
Port 389
Get user info from directory
HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)
Port 443
Secure websites
SMB (Server Message Block)
Port 445
File and printer sharing on a network.
RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol)
Port 3389
In Windows
Secure remote access to computer via "screensharing"
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)
Used by network devices to obtain a configuration file
