social studies final study set

confucianism

the ethcial ideas and philosophy of Confucius

daoism

the contemporary version of Confucianism, based on the teachings of Laozi

buddhism

a religion, originated in India by the Buddha and later spread to China. holding life that is full of suffering and that the way to end it is through enlightenment. first introduced during the Han Dynasty

imperial

pertaining to an empire or an emperor: sovereign, supreme: comandind, of superiror size or excellence

bureaucracy

the body of officials and administrators, especially of a government or government department

scholar-official

well-educated civil servants appointed by the emperor of China during the Han dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty

maritime

connected with the sea in relation to navigation, shipping, etc.

forbidden city

a walled section of Peking, built in the 15th century, containing the imperial palace and other buildings of the imperial government of China, housed the emperor and some officials

grand canal

a series of waterways that linked cities together, was used to carry goods, and help with farming. it took 5 years to complete, half the workers died during the project. the longest canal in China connecting the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers

period of disunion

after the fall of the Han Dynasty- this period was filled with war and constant changes in leadership. a time of chaos in China. China split into rival kingdoms, each kingdom had different military leaders

movable type

Chinese alchemist Bi Sheng invented movable type made of clay and glue, similar to Chinese porcelain

civil service

service as a government official

isolationism

a policy of avoiding contact with other contries

mongol ascendancy

the period in which the Mongols controlled all of Central Asia

conquest

the act of conquering- especially territory

great wall

a fortified wall in northern China, extending some 2400 km from Gansu province to the Yellow Sea north of Beijing. the present wall dates from the Ming dynasty

the landscape

played a huge role in Ancient China. it isolated the Chinese people and created barriers from invaders

Huang River Valley

the central location where early civilizations developed

yang jian (emperor wendi)

ended the period of disunion and began the Sui dynasty, he helped reunify China and bring back order. he also had the great wall repaired and extended the canal system between North and South China

empress wu

married to an emperor whi became very ill. after his death, she decided that her sons were not ready to rule. she was a vicious and strict empress. she was not well liked but she brought prosperity and stability to China

genghis khan

founder of the Mongol Empire. he united the Mongols who used to live in seperate tribes north of China. he ruled a large part of Asia after brutal conquests

zhu yuanzhang

led a rebel army that won against the Mongols during their time of rule. he became emperor after his army defeated the ruling Mongols

xuanzong

another effective ruler during the Tang dynasty. many cultural achievements occured during the Tang dynasty. great works of poetry was written during his period of reign

taizong

the second emperor of the Tang dynasty. he improved military, created law codes, and supported the equal field system. the equal field system assigned land to peasants and slowed the accumulation of land by thr wealthy

equal field system

assigned land to peasants and slowed the accumulation of land by the wealthy

five dynasties and ten kingdoms (907-960)

due to internal conflicts of military governors the Tang Dynasty fell. after the fall of the Tang Dynasty, China entered into a difficult and chaotic period known as the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. Nothern China was ruled by 5 dynasties while the south was ruled by 10 independant kingdoms in various locations. this chaotic period only lasted for 53 years

major advancements in China

silk, poetry, moveable type, paper money, gun powder, and porcelain

kublai khan

grandson of genghis khan, he had control of the China portion of the Mongol Empire in 1260. in 1279, kublai controlled southern China as well. he controlled all of China until 1368

zheng he

led 7 sea voyages around Asia under Yongle's rule. he was told to give beautiful gifts to leaders from china. he returned with tribute inclduing jewels and gold. he had 25,000 crew members and 300 ships

1430's

when China entered a period of isolationism. the Hongwu emperor banned foreign trade and exploration

ethnocentric

did not want to trade with anyone

opium

an addictive narcotic extracted from seed capsules of the opium poppy, the product England had to find to continue trading with China, the British are getting/making opium in India and trading with China

opium war

the war the British declared on China

treaty of Nanjing

China had to pay for Britain's war costs (reparation), china had to open ports for trade, Britain received the island of Hong Kong

spheres of influence

western powers carved sphere's of influence, exclusive trade goods

open door policy

united states demanded equal trading status within China, 1899

the Chinese's reactions to open door policy

boxer rebellion- Chinese groups revolted and attacked foreigners

Sun Yat-sen

wanted to ended foreign rule, created a representational government

Indian Sepoys

Indian soldiers that were commanded by British officers to protect and secure the newly acquired territories

EIC

East India Company, an early English joint-stock company that was initially formed to pursue trade with the West Indies but mainly ended up trading with the Indian subcontinent, China

Sepoys rebel

caused by a new rifle being released but in order to load it the Sepoys were required to use teeth to pull the bullets out of their cartridges. They had been greased in animal fat, rumored to be pork and beef fat, which was a horror for both the Hindu and Muslim soldiers. they believed this was an attempt to make them Christians

effect of the rebel

EIC was broke and succeeded by the British government and the British established direct colonial rule over the more productive provinces of India. Also, a few massacres took place as the Sepoys were rebelling

ww1

caused britain to make a few reforms and refused to grant India self-government

amristar massacre

caused by Indians having a peaceful protest and the British/Indian Sepoys shot at them and killed 379 people and injured 1100 people

General Dyer

led amritsar massacre, british general, after the amristar massacre he was forced to resign and go back to britain

Gandhi

previous lawyer, a huge figure in India's independence, led non-violent protests most famously the salt march, got in jail for some of his protests

civil disobediance

the refusing to obey unjust laws and purposely breaking them

passive resistance

non-violent protests using two major aspects: satyagraha and ahimsa

Hindu-Muslim unity, must end "untouchability", and must defy the British- not through violence

three goals important, according to Gandhi, to win independence from Great Britain

non-violent protests from Gandhi

boycotting British goods, going on hunger strike in prison to stop violent protests, salt march

salt march

a non-violent protest led by Gandhi, law was broke, started with 28 followers and then had thousands of followers, Gandhi and those who harvested salt were arrested, this event embarrassed the British government, 23 days long

Muhammad Ali Jinnah

lawyer, a Muslim leader who insisted on having the Muslims have their own state, first supported Hindu-Muslim Unity, supported the idea of an independent Muslim homeland, Pakistan or the land of the pure, a disagreement with Gandhi led to the Muslim Congress split

Pakistan

country made for just Muslims, originally had East and West but it didn't work out

1947

in... Britain grants full independence to India

great migration

occured when the Hindus in Pakistan and the Muslims in India left their homes in an attempt to go where they felt accepted, led to horrendous violence that killed millions of people. 15 million people were displaced and over a million people were murdered

India and Pakistan borders

drawn up around religious lines

70%

how much of India's population was Hindu

67,000

number of Indians that died during ww1

Muslim League

strengthened their position when the Hindu ministers resigned

Kashmir

the area that Hindus and Muslims got to war over

15 million

amount of people displaced during the partition

Jawaharal Nehru

India's first prime minister, led the developing nations in practicing non-alignment with the Superpowers and thus, received enormous aid from both the U.S. and the U.S.S.R.

the Superpowers

nickname for the US and Soviet Union (US is the only one left)

Bangladesh

was East Pakistan, split from West Pakistan in 1971 after fierce fighting

Pakistan and India

their relationship remains unstable, tensions based on religious and ethnic claims continued to increase after both India and Pakistan tested nuclear weapons in 1998, their borders are heavily guarded

fabric

the major item boycotted from Britain

240

miles walked for the salt march

land of the pure

Pakistan name meaning

1948

in... neighboring contries of India, Burma (Myanmar) and Ceylon (Sri Lanka), became independent (one year after india was granted independance)

salt works mine protestors

these people were beat over and over again during the salt march

east and west pakistan

broke off of india

tamil tigers

in 1991 they murdered the british prime minister, terrorist group

mongols

who invaded medieval china

britain

the western power that greatly influenced china in the 80s

long march

the trip the china communist party did as a retreat, they went up to northern china

communist

the political party china still has today

mao zedong

the leader in the beginning of china's communist party

thailand

where did the cave rescue happen

2018

the year where the rescue happened

thai navy seals

the first people called in to help with the rescue

the cave divers

these people at one point decided to go home, but they weren't allowed to go home and ended up staying and helping the rescue

pump workers that missed the evacuation

who was found im chamber 3 of the cave

oxygen level and weather

the 2 ticking time bombs for the rescue

12 players and 1 coach

how many people were lost/stuck in the cave

Tham Luang Nang Non cave system

the cave that the football (soccer) team was lost in, in thailand

the thai navy seals/rescuers

not all of them made it out of the cave alive

celebrating a birthday party

what were the boys doing in the cave

true

all of the football (soccer) team made it out of the cave alive

sudating the boys and then diving them out

how did the rescuers get the team out of the cave

southeast asia

the region thailand is located in

hot and humid

the weather in southeast asia

the largest religion in southeast asia

buddhism

the equator

what is southeast asia close to

the last unit discussed in class

southeast asia

the period of disunion began

after the fall of the han dynasty