PSEO Med Term - Ch. 11 Gastroenterology

anal

antacid

Medication used to neutralize stomach acids

antidiarrheal

Medication used to control diarrhea

antiemetic

Medication to treat nausea, vomiting, and motion sickness

apepsia

aphagia

appendectomy

appendicitis

appendix

ascites

Accumulation of fluid in abdominal cavity

bariatric surgery

Group of surgical procedures designed to treat extreme obesity by reducing the size of the stomach or diverting food from passing through a portion of the GI tract

barium enema

X-ray examination of large intestine using barium as contrast medium; lower GI series

bradypepsia

cholangiogram

cholangiography

cholecystectomy

cholecystitis

cholecystography

choledocholithiasis

choledocholithotripsy

cholelithiasis

cholelithotripsy

cirrhosis

Chronic Liver Disease

colitis

colonic

colonoscope

colonoscopy

colorectal

pertaining to colon rectum

colorectal cancer

Cancerous tumor originating in the lining of the colon or recum

colostomy

constipation

Difficulty passing a bowel movement or infrequent bowel movements

Crohn's disease

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease with mucous membrane ulcers; often found in ileum; regional ileitis

diarrhea

Passing frequent, watery, or bloody bowel movements

diverticulectomy

diverticulitis

diverticulosis

duodenal

duodenostomy

dysentery

Acute intestinal condition with pain, diarrhea, and blood and mucus in stool; caused by bacterial or parasitic infection

dyspepsia

dysphagia

enteric

enteritis

esophageal atresia

Congenital lack of the connection between esophagus and stomach; food can’t enter stomach

esophageal varices

Varicose veins in esophagus; result in massive bleeding if ruptured

esophagitis

esophagoplasty

esophagoscope

esophagoscopy

fecal occult blood test (FOBT)

Clinical lab test for presence of small amounts of blood in feces; hemoccult test/stool guaiac test

gastralgia

gastrectomy

gastric

pertaining to stomach

gastric banding

Type of bariatric surgery; placed around the stomach, preventing it from expanding to hold a large amount of food, leading to smaller meals

gastric stapling

Type of bariatric surgery; closes of large section of stomach with staples; result in smaller stomach that can’t hold a large meal

gastritis

gastrodynia

gastroenteritis

gastroenterologist

gastroenterology

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Occurs when stomach acid backs up into esophagus

gastrointestinal

gastroscope

gastroscopy

gastrostomy

Helicobacteri pylori antibody test

Clinical lab test for presence of bacteria known to cause gastric ulcers

hematemesis

hematochezia

Presence of bright red blood in a bowel movement

hemorrhoids

Varicose veins in rectum

hepatic

hepatitis

hepatoma

hiatal hernia

Protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the diaphragm and into the thoracic cavity; common symptom

hyperemesis

hyperphagia

ileal

ileostomy

ileus

Obstruction of intestine that occurs when muscular movements stop moving food or blockage prevents food from moving through digestive tract

inguinal hernia

Protrusion of a loop of small intestine through a weak spot in the abdominal muscle wall and into the groin region; become trapped and strangulated if muscle tightens around loop and cuts off its blood supply

intussusception

Occurs when one section of intestine slips or telescopes into another section of intestine

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Disturbance in normal functioning of bowel characterized by abdominal pain and diarrhea; associates with stress; spastic colon/functional bowel syndrome

jaundice

Yellow-colored skin and whites of eyes associated with liver disease

jejunal

jejunostomy

laparoscope

laparoscopy

laparotomy

laxative

Medication to treat constipation

melena

Very dark, tarry stool due to presence of blood

nasogastric intubation

Procedure in which a flexible tube is placed through the nose down the esophagus and into the stomach; used for gavage, lavage, or to suction out stomach fluids

nausea

Feeling the urge to vomit

ova & parasites (O&P)

Clinical lab test for presence of parasites or their eggs in feces

pancreatic

pancreatitis

peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

Craterlike erosion occurring on mucous membrane of lower esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum

polypectomy

polyphagia

polyposis

proctologist

proctology