Behavioral Health- NSG 212 Exam 1

Divine command ethics

approach to decision making focused on which is commanded by God

Natural Law theory

based on writings of St. Thomas Aquinas. Decisions about right/wrong are self-evident and determined by human nature

Ethical Egoism

what is right/good and what is best for individual making the decision. Action determined by what is to their own advantage

Kantianism

not consequences/end results that make an action right/wrong, rather principle of motivation on which action is based that is morally a decisive factor.

Utilitarianism

“greatest-happiness principle” actions are right to the degree they tend to promote happiness. And wrong if they don’t promote happiness

Criminal Law

conduct deemed injurious to public welfare

tort

violation of civil law in which an individual has been wronged (intentional/unintentional)

civil law

protects private/property rights of individuals/businesses com

common law

may differ from state to state

statutory law

enacted by county/city council, state legislate, or US congress

General adaptation syndrom

according to Hans Selye: reactions of the body to stress (alarm reaction stage, stage of resistance, stage of exhaustion)

Culture is made up of what

Attitudes, beliefs, language, customs, rituals, behavior, faith/religion, food, art/drama/music

seclusion

physical restraint in which pt is confined alone in room of which they cannot leave. furnished to promote safety/comfort

assault

an act that results in persons genuine fear & apprehension they will be touched w/out consent

battery

unconsented touching of another person

false imprisonment

deliberate & unauthorized confinement of a competent person w/ intent to prevent them from leaving hospital; threats of meds that interfere w/ pt ability to leave facility

defamation of character

sharing info that is detrimental to ones reputation

slander

oral defamation of characterl

libel

written defamation of charactern

negligence

failure to exercise care toward others as reasonable/prudent person would do. Or taking action that one would NOT do.

malpractice

continuous conduct of professional that does not meet standard of competence & results in damage to pt. (negligence, ignorance, intentional wrongdoing)

Social distancing

aspect of stigma that refers to tendency of healthcare workers & others who avoid people w/ mental illness or addiction

Mental health

successfull adaptation to stressors from internal/external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, behaviors, that are appropriate and effective.

Mental illness

maladaptive response to stressors from internal/external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, behaviors that are incongruent w/ norms & interferes with relationships, occupation, and/or physical funtioning

Grief: Kubler Ross

Stage 1: Denial

Stage 2: Anger

Stage 3: Bargaining

Stage 4: Depression

Stage 5: Acceptance

Suicide risks

military personnel with PTSD

adults w/ depression

Trauma victims

depression

substance abuse

chronic pain

Peplau

1991, a nursing theorist, recognized client advocacy as an essential role for a nurse

Anxiety stages

Mild

Moderate

Severe panic

Mild anxiety (coping mechanisms)

crying

cursing

daydreaming

drinking

eating

fidgeting

laughing

nail biting

exercise

smoking

sleeping

Moderate anxiety (Ego defense mechanism)

attention span decreases

muscular tension

restlessness (evident)

less alert

Severe anxiety (psycho neurotic response)

attention span extremely limited

difficulty completing tasks

headache, palpation, insomnia

confusion, dread, horror

Panic anxiety (psychotic response)

feeling of terror

convinced of life threatening illness

fear of “going crazy”

not capable of processing what is happening

loss of control, inability to function

psychosis

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, catatonic behavior ne

neurosis

excessive anxiety expressed directly or altered through defense mechanisms

Nursing role in referral

establish trust

collaborative relationship

willingness to discuss issues

referral may be needed to specialized MH care services

listen to pt

empower them in decision making

use patient-centered approach

Alarm reaction stage

responses of fight/flight syndrome are intitiated

stage of resistance

uses physiological responses of 1st stage as defense in attempt to adapt to stressor. If adaption occurs, 3rd stage is prevented/delayed

stage of exhaustion

occurs when prolonged exposure to stressor in which body has become adjusted.

Headaches, mental disorders, coronary artery disease, ulcers, colitis

Maslows Hierarchy of needs

1st- Physiological needs

2nd- safety & security

3rd- love & belonging

4th- Self-esteem

5th- Self- Actualization

Culture

particular society’s entire way of living

encompassed by sharing beliefs, feelings, knowledge that guides peoples conduct

passed from generation to generationEth

ethnicity

people who identify w/ each other b/c of shared heritage

individualistic culture

people should take responsibility for self. do what they want despite family/friend opinions

Collectivistic Culture

input from family/friends highly valued

Bennetts Model of Intercultural Sensitivity

Acceptance

Adaptation

Integration

Compensation

covering up real/perceived weakness by emphasizing one trait that is more desireable

Denial

refusing to acknowledge existence of real situation or feelings w/ it

Displacement

transfer of feelings from one target to another that is considered less threatening or neutral

identification

attempt to increase self worth by acquiring certain attributes/characteristics that one admires

intelluctualization

attempt to avoid expressing actual emotions associated w/ stressful situation by using intellectual processes of login/reasoning/analysisin

introjection

integrating beleifs/values of another individual onto ones own ego structure

isolation

separating thought/memory from feeling, tone, emotion associated w/ itpro

projection

attributing feelings/impulses unacceptable to oneself onto another person

rationalization

attempting to make excuses to justify unacceptable feelings/behaviors

rection formation

preventing unacceptable/undesirable thoughts/behaviors from being expressed by exaggerating opposite thoughts/behaviors

regression

responding to stress by retreating to earlier level of development

sublimation

rechanneling of drives/impulses that are personally/socially unacceptable into activities that are constructive

suppression

voluntary blocking of unpleasant feelings/experiences from ones awarenessun

undoing

symbolically negating/canceling out an experience that one finds intolerable