biology cba

What are the four main types of biomolecules?

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids.

What is the monomer of proteins?

Amino acids.

What biomolecule provides quick energy for cells?

Carbohydrates (e.g., glucose).

How do viruses infect host cells?

By attaching, entering, replicating inside, then releasing new viruses.

Name two ways diseases can spread.

Airborne transmission and direct contact.

Are viruses living or non-living? Why?

Non-living, because they can't reproduce without a host cell.

What is diffusion?

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy.

What is active transport?

Movement of molecules against a concentration gradient using energy (ATP).

Where does photosynthesis occur?

In the chloroplasts.

What is the main product of cellular respiration?

ATP (energy).

Name one key difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Eukaryotes have a nucleus; prokaryotes don't.

What do enzymes do?

They speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Name one factor that affects enzyme activity.

Temperature or pH.

What type of biomolecule are enzymes made of?

Proteins.

Explain one way a virus spreads from one person to another.

Viruses can spread through airborne transmission, such as when an infected person coughs or sneezes and releases droplets containing the virus.

Describe the difference between diffusion and active transport.

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration without using energy, while active transport moves molecules against the concentration gradient and requires energy (ATP).

Where in the cell does cellular respiration take place?

In the mitochondria.

Give one example of a prokaryotic organism.

Bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli).

Why are enzymes important in biological reactions?

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering tie activation energy needed for the reaction to occur.