Micro: Bacterial Shapes and Arrangement

What is the purpose of a Koehler illumination?

To generate an even illumination of the sample

What are the six kingdoms?

Bacteria, archae, protista, plantae, fungi, animalia

What are the different possible shapes for bacteria?

1) Bacillus/rod

2) Coccus (spherical)

3) Curved (spirillium = stiff, spirochete = flexible, vibrio = one curve)

Visible light microscope

A visible light microscope uses light to illuminate and observe objects. Include brightfield microscopy, darkfield microscopy, fluorescent microscopy, phase contrast microscopy,

What is the job of the field diaphragm?

The field diaphragm controls the size of the illuminated field of view

Condenser:

The condenser gathers and focuses light from the light source into a cone of light which sheds light on the specimen

What is the job of the condenser diaphragm?

The condenser diaphragm controls the amount of light passing through the condenser to regulate resolution

Objectives

Objectives collect light from the sample and then magnify the specimen using one or more lenses

Constant magnification (ocular magnification)

10x

Working distance

Distance between bottom of objective lens to the top of the slide being viewed

What is the numerical aperture of a microscope?

This is the light capturing ability of a lens

Kingdom bacteria or eubacteria

Bacteria, which are eukaryotic organisms

Kingdom protista

Protozoan organisms like amoebas

Fungi

Molds, yeast, mushrooms (eukaryotic organisms)

Animalia

These include helminths and other parasitic worms

Divisions or coccus bacteria arrangement

Micrococcus: single cell

Diplococcus: this is a pair with flattened sides

Streptococcus: this is a chain of ovoid cocci

Staphylococcus: this is a cluster of cocci

Tetrad: flat sets of four cocci

Sarcina: cubical packets of eight cocci