Fuel and Lubricants [AB POWER]

On/off Shore Drilling -> Crude oil -> Distillation process -> Fuels

Fuel process

Gasoline

LPG

Coal

Diesel

Various Kinds of Fuel (4)

Viscosity

Properties of fuel that affects how easily the fuel

flows, particularly at low temperatures, and impacts

fuel pump and injector performance.

Flash Point

The lowest temperature at which a fuel can ignite,

indicating its flammability and storage safety

Cetane Number

A measure of a diesel fuel's ignition quality,

influencing how easily it burns.

Calorific Value

The amount of heat released when a fuel is completely

burned, indicating its energy content.

Density

This relates fuel volume to weight and indirectly

influences energy content

Specific Gravity

A measure of a fuel's density relative to water, affecting

engine performance and emissions.

d. All of the above

Properties of fuel and lubricants that directly impact

how well the engine operates.

a. Viscosity of fuel

b. Cetane or octane number of fuels

c. Viscosity in lubricants

d. All of the above

e. Two of the above

a. Viscosity

For fuel economy, proper fuel _____ and other

properties contribute to efficient combustion and minimize

energy waste.

a. Viscosity

b. Specific gravity

c. Thermal stability

d. None of the above

Flash point

_______ and other properties like specific gravity help

ensure safe handling, storage, and transportation of fuels

and lubricants.

d. All of the above

Properties that relates to the lubricant effectiveness on

how well a lubricant reduces friction, wear, and heat.

a. Viscosity

b. Viscosity index

c. Thermal stability

d. All of the above

Density

Properties that can be easily used to detect if fuels have

been adulterated with other substances.

h. All of the above

Characteristic of good lubricants.

a. High boiling point

b. Low freezing point

c. High viscosity index

d. Thermal stability

e. Hydraulic stability.

f. Corrosion prevention.

g. High resistance to oxidation

h. All of the above

Heating value

The total amount of energy released when a

specific amount of fuel is completely burned.

b. Higher heating value

Amount of energy which also includes the latent heat

of vaporization of water vapor produced.

a. Heating value

b. Higher heating value

c. Lower Heating value

d. None of the above

c. Lower Heating value

This excludes the latent heat of vaporization of

moisture from the energy that is available in fuel.

a. Heating value

b. Higher heating value

c. Lower Heating value

d. None of the above

d. All of the above

The energy potential of a fuel.

a. Energy content

b. Heating value

c. Calorific value

d. All of the above

Combustion efficiency

It indicate the quality fuel for combustion and improved

thermal efficiency

Pour point

The lowest temperature of fuel at which it will flow under

its own weight.

a. Pour point

The lowest temperature of fuel at which it will flow under

its own weight.

a. Pour point

b. Cloud point

c. Flash point

d. None of the above

a. Combustion efficiency

It indicate the quality fuel for combustion and improved

thermal efficiency.

a. Combustion efficiency

b. Fuel efficiency

c. System efficiency

d. None of the above

a. Density

Properties that can be easily used to detect if fuels have

been adulterated with other substances.

a. Density

b. Thermal stability

c. Calorific value

d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Properties that relates to the lubricant effectiveness on

how well a lubricant reduces friction, wear, and heat.

a. Viscosity

b. Viscosity index

c. Thermal stability

d. All of the above

a. Flash point

_______ and other properties like specific gravity help

ensure safe handling, storage, and transportation of fuels

and lubricants.

a. Flash point

b. Pour point

c. Cloud point

d. All of the above

a. Viscosity

For fuel economy, proper fuel _____ and other

properties contribute to efficient combustion and minimize

energy waste.

a. Viscosity

b. Specific gravity

c. Thermal stability

d. None of the above

d. All of the above

Properties of fuel and lubricants that directly impact

how well the engine operates.

a. Viscosity of fuel

b. Cetane or octane number of fuels

c. Viscosity in lubricants

d. All of the above

e. Two of the above

b. Specific Gravity

A measure of a fuel's density relative to water, affecting

engine performance and emissions.

a. Specific Weight

b. Specific Gravity

c. Specific Fuel Consumption

d. All of the above

b. Density

This relates fuel volume to weight and indirectly

influences energy content.

a. Specific Gravity

b. Density

c. Specific weight

d. All of the above

a. Calorific Value

The amount of heat released when a fuel is completely

burned, indicating its energy content.

a. Calorific Value

b. Flash Point

c. Pour Point

d. None of the above

a. Cetane Number

A measure of a diesel fuel's ignition quality,

influencing how easily it burns.

a. Cetane Number

b. Octane Number

c. Calorific Value

d. None of the above

a. Flash Point

The lowest temperature at which a fuel can ignite,

indicating its flammability and storage safety.

a. Flash Point

b. Calorific Value

c. Boiling Point

d. None of the above

b. Viscosity

Properties of fuel that affects how easily the fuel

flows, particularly at low temperatures, and impacts

fuel pump and injector performance.

a. Specific Gravity

b. Viscosity

c. Calorific Value

d. None of the above

a. 45.6 MJ/kg

Heating value of gasoline fuel. (1 MJ x 239 kcal)

a. 45.6 MJ/kg

b. 50.1 MJ/kg

c. 59.5 MJ/kg

d. None of the above

a. 43.1 MJ/kg

Heating value of diesel fuel. (1 MJ x 239 kcal)

a. 43.1 MJ/kg

b. 46.7 MJ/kg

c. 50.1 MJ/kg

d. None of the above

d. None of the above

[14.7 kg air/kg fuel]

Stoichiometric air requirement of gasoline fuel.

a. 14.7 kg fuel/kg air

b. 20.1 kg fuel/kg air

c. 25.3 kg fuel/kg air

d. None of the above

a. 14.5 kg fuel/kg air

Stoichiometric air requirement of diesel fuel.

a. 14.5 kg fuel/kg air

b. 19.2 kg fuel/kg air

c. 21.4 kg fuel/kg air

d. None of the above

c. Excess air

The supply of more air than the theoretical

amount needed for complete combustion.

a. Primary air

b. Secondary air

c. Excess air

d. None of the above

Flash Point

The lowest temperature at which a

volatile liquid gives off enough

vapor to form an ignitable mixture

with the air.

Pour Point

The lowest temperature at which

the oil will still flow under defined

testing conditions

Cloud Point

The temperature at which dissolved

paraffin waxes and other solids begin

to precipitate out of the liquid as it

cools, giving the fuel a cloudy or hazy

appearance.

Viscosity

Determines the lubricant's ability to form a

protective film between moving parts and resist flow

at different temperatures.

Flash Point

Indicates the temperature at which a lubricant can

form an ignitable vapor, affecting safety.

Base Number

Measures a lubricant's ability to neutralize acidic

by-products of combustion, indicating its long-term

effectiveness.

Viscosity Index

Indicates how much a lubricant's viscosity changes with

temperature, affecting its performance under varying

operating conditions.

Thermal Stability

Refers to a lubricant's resistance to degradation at high

temperatures, ensuring its long-term effectiveness.

Oxidation Resistance

Measures a lubricant's ability to resist chemical

reactions that degrade its properties over time.

a. Viscosity

Determines the lubricant's ability to form a

protective film between moving parts and resist flow

at different temperatures.

a. Viscosity

b. Viscosity Index

c. Pour Point

d. None of the above

a. Flash Point

Indicates the temperature at which a lubricant can

form an ignitable vapor, affecting safety.

a. Flash Point

b. Boiling Point

c. Pour Point

d. All of the above

a. Base Number

Measures a lubricant's ability to neutralize acidic

by-products of combustion, indicating its long-term

effectiveness.

a. Base Number

b. Thermal Stability

c. Oxidation Resistance

d. None of the above

a. Viscosity Index

Indicates how much a lubricant's viscosity changes with

temperature, affecting its performance under varying

operating conditions.

a. Viscosity Index

b. Viscosity

c. Pour Point

d. All of the above

c. Thermal Stability

Refers to a lubricant's resistance to degradation at high

temperatures, ensuring its long-term effectiveness.

a. Flash Point

b. Pour Point

c. Thermal Stability

d. All of the above

c. Oxidation Resistance

Measures a lubricant's ability to resist chemical

reactions that degrade its properties over time.

a. Base Number

b. Thermal Stability

c. Oxidation Resistance

d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Effect of fuel with lower pour point (remain fluid at

colder temperatures)

a. Prevents fuel system blockage

b. Efficient engine operation

c. Maintain smooth fuel transfer in cold climates

d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Effect of high pour points fuel.

a. Easily makes the fuel thick and solidify

b. Lead to engine malfunction

c. Reduced performance of the engine in cold

weather

d. All of the above

b. Cloud point

The lowest temperature of fuel at which wax

crystals begin to form, causing the fuel to appear

cloudy.

a. Pour point

b. Cloud point

c. Flash point

d. None of the above

d. All of the above

An indicator of Fuel with low Cloud point.

a. Wax Crystal Formation - dissolved paraffin wax

begins to crystallize and solidify

b. Appearance of Cloudiness - growing crystals

scatter light, giving the fuel a cloudy or hazy

appearance.

c. Impact on Fuel Systems - formation of crystals

indicate that the fuel is approaching a point where it

can no longer flow freely and can lead to fuel filter

plugging

d. All of the above

b. Blue

Color code for grease typically use in high

temperature or marine applications.

a. Green

b. Blue

c. Red

d. Black/Brown

e. White

f. None of the above

Blue

Color code for grease typically use in high

temperature or marine applications

Cloud point

The lowest temperature of fuel at which wax

crystals begin to form, causing the fuel to appear

cloudy.

Green

Color code for grease the indicate high

performance, biodegradable, or extreme pressure

additives for heavy-duty use

Red

Color code for grease typically associate with

high-temperature applications or heavy-duty use for

automotive and industrial machinery

Black/Brown

Color code for grease which is frequently

contains moly or graphite designed for extreme load

condition and heavy duty applications

White

Color code for grease made of inedible hog fat or

other natural ingredients and is often used in

applications where food-grade grease is required

a. Green

Color code for grease the indicate high

performance, biodegradable, or extreme pressure

additives for heavy-duty use.

a. Green

b. Blue

c. Red

d. Black/Brown

e. White

f. None of the above

c. Red

Color code for grease typically associate with

high-temperature applications or heavy-duty use for

automotive and industrial machinery.

a. Green

b. Blue

c. Red

d. Black/Brown

e. White

f. None of the above

d. Black/Brown

Color code for grease which is frequently

contains moly or graphite designed for extreme load

condition and heavy duty applications

a. Green

b. Blue

c. Red

d. Black/Brown

e. White

f. None of the above

e. White

Color code for grease made of inedible hog fat or

other natural ingredients and is often used in

applications where food-grade grease is required..

a. Green

b. Blue

c. Red

d. Black/Brown

e. White

f. None of the above

yellow

Color of Universal grease

Blue

Color of high temperature grease

Green

Color of water resistant grease

Red

Color of anti-current resistance

Grease

Lubricants used for applications where oil alone is not

suitable such as bearings and chassis components

Penetrating lubricants

They are useful for treating stuck bolts, hinges, and

other parts example WD-4D

Dry lubricants

Lubricants suitable for applications where oil or

grease would attract dirt or debris or where a clean, dry

surface is needed.

e. All of the above

Types of lubricants.

a. Oil

b. Grease

c. Penetrating lubricants

d. Dry lubricants

e. All of the above

a. Oil

Lubricants suitable for applications involving grease,

hinges, bearings, and other moving parts.

a. Oil

b. Grease

c. Penetrating lubricants

d. Dry lubricants

e. All of the above

b. Grease

Lubricants used for applications where oil alone is not

suitable such as bearings and chassis components

a. Oil

b. Grease

c. Penetrating lubricants

d. Dry lubricants

e. All of the above

c. Penetrating lubricants

They are useful for treating stuck bolts, hinges, and

other parts example WD-4D.

a. Oil

b. Grease

c. Penetrating lubricants

d. Dry lubricants

e. All of the above

d. Dry lubricants

Lubricants suitable for applications where oil or

grease would attract dirt or debris or where a clean, dry

surface is needed.

a. Oil

b. Grease

c. Penetrating lubricants

d. Dry lubricants

e. All of the above

Viscosity index

An arbitrary, unit-less number that indicates how

much a fluid's viscosity (resistance to flow) changes

with temperature.

3 to 6 months

Allowable storage time for gasoline fuel.

6 to 12 months

Allowable storage time for diesel fuel

c. Viscosity index

An arbitrary, unit-less number that indicates how

much a fluid's viscosity (resistance to flow) changes

with temperature.

a. Cloud point

b. Pour point

c. Viscosity index

d. None of the above

a. relatively stable

If viscosity is high, it means that lubricant is ____

over a period over a broad temperature.

a. relatively stable

b. not relatively stable

c. not advisable to use

d. None of the above

b. will change significantly

If viscosity index is low, it means that the lubricant

_____ with temperature.

a. will not change significantly

b. will change significantly

c. is not advisable for use

d. None of the above

d. All of the above

What are the effects of high viscosity index

lubricants?

a. Provides better lubrication

b. Improved fuel efficiency

c. Better performance is extreme temperature

d. All of the above

b. 3 to 6 months

Allowable storage time for gasoline fuel.

a. 1 to 2 months

b. 3 to 6 months

c. 7 to 9 months

d. None of the above

b. 6 to 12 months

Allowable storage time for diesel fuel.

a. 1 to 5 months

b. 6 to 12 months

c. 13 to 18 month

d. None of the above

e. All of the above

To prolong the shelf life of fuel, it should be stored

in _____ containers, away from sunlight and heat.

a. cool

b. dry

c. sealed

d. airtight

e. All of the above

a. susceptible

Ethanol in gasoline basically is _______ to

oxidation and evaporation, reducing its combustibility.

a. susceptible

b. not susceptible

c. not a problem in

d. None of the above

d. All of the above

Diesel degradation factor.

a. Moisture from condensation

b. Oxygen exposure

c. Temperature fluctuation.

d. All of the above

b. 2.5 to 2.7 kg CO2 per liter

CO2 emission factor for diesel.

a. 1.1 to 2.4 kg CO2 per liter

b. 2.5 to 2.7 kg CO2 per liter

c. 2.8 to 3.1 kg CO2 per liter

d. None of the above

a. 0.63 kg CO2 per gallon

CO2 emission factor for gasoline.

a. 0.63 kg CO2 per gallon

b. 0.80 kg CO2 per gallon

c. 1.1 kg CO2 per gallon

d. None of the above

e. All of the above

Which of the following are considered fuel

emission of gasoline?

a. Greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, and N2O

b. Climate change and air pollutants (CO, NOx)

c. Unburned hydrocarbons

d. Particulate matters

e. All of the above

2.5 to 2.7 kg CO2 per liter

CO2 emission factor for diesel.

[kg CO2/ L ]

0.63 kg CO2 per gallon

CO2 emission factor for gasoline.

Fuel

any material that stores energy which is subsequently extracted

to perform mechanical work in a controlled manner.

crude oil;

hydrogen and carbon

Fuels used in agricultural engines are made from ___ which are

composed of __ and ___ having definite specific gravity and

boiling point.

Biodiesel

made from vegetable oil and animal fats