II Lecture Chapter 15 Short Answer/Discussion pp 337

are Braxton-Hicks contractions an indication that delivery of the fetus is imminent

"false" labor: normal contractions not associated with progressive cervical dilation

describe the stages of a vaginal delivery

stage one: duration 6 - 18 hrs beginning of regular contractions or rupture of membranes to 10cm cervical dilation

stage two: duration 0.5 - 3 hrs 10 cm cervical dilation to delivery of baby

stage three: duration 0 - 30 min birth to delivery of placenta

stage four: duration 6 hr average First 1-4 hours after deliver (recovery)

what is meant by the term "incompetent cervix"? what procedure is performed to treat the condition during pregnancy? what is used to complete this procedure?

a woman with an incompetent cervix is at a high risk for delivering prematurely. an incompetent cervix is prone to dilating and effacing prematurely, in particular during the second trimester. the fetus places pressure on the cervix that can lead to miscarriage or premature delivery. risk factors for incompetent cervix include previous premature delivery, previous trauma to the cervix, congenital weakness of the cervix, and abnormalities of the uterus or cervix. to address the situation a cervical cerclage (Shirodkar's Procedure) is performed

during the vaginal delivery, a perineal laceration occurred that included the anal sphincter. what type of laceration occured?

third degree laceration

describe the complications that the patient may experience from an undiagnosed or improperly closed perineal laceration

postpartum hemorrhage, sepsis, fistulas (abnormal communication between two normally separate internal structures) and coital pain

what surgical intervention is commonly done during a normal vaginal delivery? why?

episiotomy is an intentional midline surgical incision in the perineum to ease the birth process or to protect the mother from uncontrolled perineal lacerations

name two types of suction devices that may be used to clear a neonates airway

bulb syringes are normally used to suction the nares and mouth of neonates; DeLee suction may be prefered in the presence of meconium

cord blood is collected routinely with every delivery. why?

to determine fetal blood type and gases

what does "fetal distress" mean?

sustained low heart rate

what are some of the most common maternal or fetal reasons for performing a cesarean section

eclampsia or preclampsia

cardiac disease

diabetes mellitus

cervical cancer

STD

prior cesarean

rupture of uterus

full-thickness myomectomy

fibroids

failure to progress

maternal demise

fetal distress

prolapse of umbilical cord

malpresentation

breech

transverse

brow

multiples

fetal demise

dystocia

cephalopelvic disproportion

failed induction of labor

abnormal uterine action

placenta previa

placental abruption

define two physical conditions that may necessitate a cesarean section. find the two conditions in your textbook and look up the definitions in your medical dictionary

disease, obstruction, fetal distress, placenta