Unit 2 - Test

Epithelial Tissue Function

Lining, protection, secretion, absorption

Free surface

The exposed or outer surface of epithelial tissue

Basal surface

The bottom surface attached to the basement membrane

Simple squamous

Single layer of flat cells; found in blood vessels

Simple cuboidal

Single layer of cube-shaped cells; found in kidneys

Simple columnar

Single layer of tall cells; found in digestive tract

Stratified squamous

Many layers of flat cells; protects against friction (skin, mouth)

Stratified cuboidal

Multiple layers of cube-shaped cells; rare

Stratified columnar

Multiple layers of tall cells; rare

Pseudostratified epithelium

Appears layered but isn't; often has cilia (respiratory tract)

Transitional epithelium

Stretchable tissue found in bladder

Endocrine glands

Secrete hormones into the bloodstream

Exocrine glands

Secrete materials into ducts

Merocrine secretion

Exocytosis; cell stays intact (e.g., salivary glands)

Apocrine secretion

Part of cell pinches off (e.g., mammary glands)

Holocrine secretion

Cell ruptures to release product (e.g., sebaceous glands)

Connective tissue function

Supports, protects, and binds other tissues

Dense regular connective tissue

Fibers in one direction; found in tendons and ligaments

Dense irregular connective tissue

Fibers in multiple directions; found in skin

Elastic connective tissue

Contains elastic fibers; found between vertebrae

Areolar connective tissue

Loose, translucent; holds nutrients and organs in place

Adipose tissue

Fat cells filled with oil; stores energy

Reticular connective tissue

Filtration fibers; found in lymph nodes and spleen

Hyaline cartilage

Glassy appearance; found at ends of bones and joints

Fibrocartilage

Shock absorber; found in vertebral discs and meniscus

Elastic cartilage

Stretchy cartilage; found in ears

Mast cells

Immune defense cells in connective tissue

Macrophages

Cells that engulf and digest debris and pathogens

Red and white blood cells

Blood cells for oxygen transport and immune defense

Osteocytes

Bone cells

Compact bone

Dense and solid bone type

Spongy bone

Porous bone type found inside bones

Neurons

Send electrical signals; 10% of nervous cells; do not regenerate

Neuroglia (glial cells)

Support, protect, and nourish neurons; 90% of nervous tissue; can regenerate

Skeletal muscle

Voluntary; striated; attached to skeleton

Cardiac muscle

Involuntary; striated; found in the heart

Smooth muscle

Involuntary; non-striated; found in intestines and blood vessels