Groundwater Supply in the Global South Lecture

Flashcards covering the technical, financial, and management aspects of groundwater supply systems in the Global South based on the provided lecture notes and case studies from Timor-Leste.

CAPEX

Capital Expenditure; a focus on the initial investment and coverage of water systems rather than long-term services.

OPEX

Operating Expenditure; the ongoing costs associated with the day-to-day operation and maintenance of a water supply system.

CAPMANEX

Capital Maintenance Expenditure; the costs associated with reactive maintenance, repairs, and infrastructure interventions.

Sustainable Yield

The flow rate and duration at which water can be extracted from a source without causing long-term depletion.

Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR)

A wastewater treatment process involving stages such as an inlet chamber, grit removal, aeration tanks, and a chlorine contact tank.

Triple-S

A methodology mentioned in the lecture used to understand and manage lifecycle costs of water systems.

WHO Water Requirement Guideline

A standard typically ranging from $40$ to $60\,\text{liters/person}$ for needs assessment in community water systems.

Community Action Plan (CAP)

A strategy for pump system design that assesses household numbers and determines locations for tap stands and collection tanks.

Static Head

The vertical distance or elevation difference between the water level in the borehole and the discharge point (e.g., reservoir inlet).

Dynamic Head

The head loss resulting from friction in the pipeline and energy loss within fittings like bends and valves.

Total Head ($H_{Total}$)

The sum of static head and dynamic head, calculated as $H_{Total} = H_{Static} + H_{Dynamic}$.

Duty Point

The specific point on a pump curve where the system curve and pump performance intersect, representing the actual design duty.

System Curve

A plot showing how the total head required by a system changes as the flow rate increases.

Hydraulic Power ($P_{Hydraulic}$)

The energy required to move water, calculated using the formula $\frac{\rho \times g \times H \times Q}{1000}$, where $\rho$ is water density ($998\,\text{kg/m}^3$) and $g$ is gravity ($9.81\,\text{m/s}^2$).

Input Power ($P_{Input}$)

The total electrical power needed, adjusted for pump and motor efficiency: $P_{Hydraulic} \times Eff_{Pump} \times Eff_{Motor}$.

Thermal Overload Relay

A protection component inside a starter box designed to protect the pump motor from electrical damage.

WLC (Water Level Control)

A double-type sensor system used to monitor low water levels in a borehole and high/low cut-off levels in an elevated tank.

Borehole Screen

A component used in borehole construction to allow water to enter while filtering out sediment.

Non-Return Valve (NRV)

A mechanical component in pipework that ensures water flows in only one direction and prevents backflow.

Ductile Iron (DI) PN 16

A material used for above-ground pipework specifically rated for pressure in manifold systems.

Polyethylene (PE100)

A material used for below-ground pipework, with SDR ratings (e.g., SDR11, 17, 26) depending on the system pressure.

Biofouling

The accumulation of biological matter on surfaces, which can lead to pump deterioration and system failure.

BESIK

An AusAid-funded program in Timor-Leste that provided rural pump system technicians and performed maintenance site visits.

Design-Build-Operate (DBO)

A procurement model where a single contractor is responsible for the design, construction, and operation of the water infrastructure.

Asset Tagging

The practice of using identifiers to manage and track infrastructure assets for long-term maintenance.