PSES 2311 Old Exam 1 Compilations lol

B horizon is likely to be redder in color than an A horizon

true

soil development primarily refers to the creation if soil from parent naterial

false

a deep soil with well-developed horizons may not necessary be old in absolute years

true

a soil can have more than one horizon with the same master horizondesignation

true

soil and dirt are the same thing

false

environmental concerns have been greatly emphasized in soil science study throughout its history

true?

classes 6-10 make up arable land in the US lan capability classification system

false (classes 1-4)

horizon with Bt designation is likely to posses clay coatings

true

you are more likely to find platy structure in a B horizon than a C layer

true

an oxisol is likely to appear in the arctic tundra

false (oxisol-tropical, arctic-gelisol)

which soil order does a Paleustalf belong to?

Alfisol (-alf)

a soil horizon with low chroma and granular structure is most likely a(n) __________ horizon

A

a soil horizon with massive structure and a higher color value is most likely a(n) _____________- horizon

C

release of methane from a wetland soil is most directly an example of which soil function?

atmospheric modification

what is the correct way to write soil color?

hue (value/chroma)

soils formed at the base of a steep mountain is most likely derived from which parent material?

colluvial

incorporating manure into the soil surface is an example of which soil forming process?

addition

an earthworm dragging manure from the soil surface to the subsoil is an example of which soil forming process?

translocation

if a soil has a horizon named "Bg" that horizon has characteristic....

saturated conditions

a subordinate designatory of "p" is most likely to appear on a horizon...

at the surface

pedon

3-D individual soil unit

V.V. Dokuchaev

father of modern soil science

E.W. Hilgard

father of american soil science

profile

2-D vertical soil section

transported

parent material primarily from weathered rock products

residual

parent material formed in place from consolidated rock

horizon

distinguishable soil layer

Justus von Liebig

father of agricultural chemistry

F.A. Fallou

Founder of soil science

hue?

dominant spectral wavelength

the ______ is the overlap of the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and lithosphere

pedosphere

before is was its own science, soil science was a branch off of ______

geology

____________ is the most vital facto for chemical weathering

water

soil formed in an ancient seabed is most likely derived from _________________ parent material

marine

a soil possessing permafrost is a member of the ____________ soil order

gelisol

the __________________ series is the state soil series of Texas

Houston Black

which of the five soil forming factors are active? why?

Climate - changes daily
organisms - alive

why are tropical regions more likely to be well developed? two reasons.

climate and topography?
f∪ck you idk

under normal circumstances do you expect the soil on the side of a slope or the bottom of the slope to be more well developed? explain.

bottom - colluvial/gravity everything goin to da bottom

when the soil is saturated, decomposition of organic matter

slows down

soil in a dry, cold environment will likely have ______ developed soil than soils in a tropical environment

less

generally, as the slope of an area increases, the development rate of soil on the slope ________

decreases

a designation of "Oe" indicated the presence of ______ decomposed organic materials

partially

alluvial material is an example of ________ parent material

transported

_____________ is dependent on development processes of soil

stage of maturity

a soil pedon may be no smaller than

1m²

soil _______ refers to changes in soil profile brought about by natural processes

development

redoximorphic features are most likely to occur when the profile...

is sometimes underwater and sometimes dry

Bss indicates presence of

slickenslides

most common means of nitrogen transport through the soil>

diffusion?

study of factors and processes which affect soil formation is

pedology?

Bk means

calcium carbonate

wind deposited parent material

eolian

soil classified as Ustipamments is a part of which soil order?

Entisol (-ent)

soil classified as Udic Haplustolls is part of which soil order?

Mollisol (-oll)

what percentage of land in Texas is considered arable?

57%

6 functions of soil organic matter

source of essential elements
substrate of most soil organisms
provides distinct black color
improves physical properties
retention of nutrients/contaminants
good buffer against pH change

soil with no redox features within 48" from the surface is what drainage class?

well drained

F.A. Fallou, the founder of soil science, belongs to the _____ soil science period

early

lignin will decompose _______ than materials like cellulose and amino acids in an average soil

slower

there is generally ______ oxygen in the soil than in the atmosphere

less

________ is a mechanism of gas exchange int he soil driven by moisture content

mass flow

what is a characteristic NOT associated with a well-developed (old) soil?
a. red coloring
b. acidic
c. shallow
d. infertile
e. all are properties of old soils

shallow

what master horizon is known as the zone of eluviation?

E

what soil order does a Typic Epiaquert belong to?

vertisol (-ert)

what soil order does a Sandy, Mixed, Frigid, Ortstein Entic Haplorthod belong to?

spodosol (-od)?

which level of soil taxonomy is the most specific unit of classification?

series

approximately what percentage of the average soil is occupied by solids?

50%

which of the following is LEAST likely to occur when the soil is saturated (0% air).
a. decomposition of organic matter speeds up
b. redox features develop
c. terrestrial plants die
d. microbial respiration slows down
e. nutrient cycle affected

a. decomposition of organic matter speeds up

which of the following soil colors is the lightest on color?
a. 10YR 6/2
b. 5Y 4/3
c. 10YR 5/1
d. 7.5YR 3/1
e. 5Y 2/4

a. 10YR 6/2 (highest value)

__organic soils a. spodosol
__very young soil b. histosol
__spodic horizon c. aridisol
__volcanic soil d. gelisol
__arid soil e. andisol
__permafrost f. entisol

spodosol - spodic horizon
histosol -organic soils
aridisol - arid soil
gelisol - permafrost
andisol - volcanic soil
entisol - very young soil

example of soil addition

rain, erosion, human adding fertilizer, dead plants

examples of soil losses

water evaporation, crop removal, erosion, nutrient leaching

which functions of soil is most closely associated with the foundation of a house?

construction/engineering mechanism?
water regulation?
idfk

which function of soil is most closely associated with the process of carbon dioxide gas being stored in soil organic carbon?

atmospheric modification?

scientists who studied soil in ANCIENT period

Theophrastus and Cato

erosion moving soil from the top of a hill is an example of what soil forming process?

losses

which parent material is transported by rivers/streams?

alluvial

which parent material is most likely to be found in a sand dune?

eolian

a soil horizon with "g" most likely possesses

gray coloring because of saturated conditions

which O horizon designator is likely composed of only slightly (LEAST) decomposed organic materials

Oi

what soil order does Palehumod belong to?

spodosol (-od)

which soil order is know for possessing volcanic materials?

andisol

which soil order is known for forming from an organic parent material?

histisol

which soil order is known for being the youngest of all soil orders and lacking B horizons?

entisol

which of the following is NOT true about soil capability classes?
a. can be used to make broad land decisions
b. show sustainability of land for field crop production
c. classes 1-4 considered arabale
d. USDA-NRCS assigns capability classes
e. all of the above are true

e. all of the above are true

2 example of how soil functions will continue to be challenged in the future.

1. increased population = increase pressure for food/crop production
2. increased population = increased waste = increased pressure for waste regulation

what does it mean for a soil to be "well sorted"

sediments are same sizes

_______ material is associated with cold/wet environments

organic

humans can affect the rate of soil formation

true

the ability of soil to perform its functions will continue to be challenged in the future

true

you are likely to find a soil belonging to Aridisol order in amazon rainforest

false (oxidsol=tropical)

minerals are composed of one or more rocks

false (rocks are composed of 2 or more minerals)

a fresh deposit of leaf litter is an example of which of the following soil forming processes?

additions

a burrowing mole moving soil from an A horizon to a B horizon is an example of what soil forming process?

translocations

where are you likely to find colluvial parent material?

at the bottom of a cliff

where are you most likely to find alluvial parent material?

on a river bank

which parent material are you most likely to find in an ancient lake bed?

lacustrine

which soil horizon is often described as "massive?"

C

which soil horizon is required to have a subordinate designator?

B