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what is memory?
memory refers to the processes that are used to encode, store, retain and later retrieve information
why do we need sensation and perception?
play crucial a crucial role in retrieving memories and forming memories
what is sensation?
it is the initial detection and processing of stimuli
what are the five senses, their stimuli type and sensory organ?
sight - electromagnetic radiation sensed by the eye
hearing - sound waves from the ear
smell - chemical energy from the nose
taste - chemical energy from tongue
touch - mechanical and thermal from skin
three steps of sensation
reception - stimulation of sensory receptor cells by energy
transduction - transforming this stimulation into neural impulses
transmission - deleivering the neural info to the brain for processing
difference between bottom up processing and top down processing in sensation
bottom up is taking sensory info and assembling and integrating it while top down is using models, ideas and expectations to intepret sensory info. what am i seeing vs something ive seen before?
what is perception?
the intepretation of the stimuli to give it meaning, it is a psychological process
what are the steps of perception?
selection - filtering and selection of important info by the brain
organistion - groupung the selected features of stimuli into a whole or pattern
intepretation - the brain uses past experiances and knowledge to give meaning to stimulus
factors influencing perception
attention - our perception is influenced by our ability to attend to certain stimuli while filtering others out selectively
past experiences - this shapes our perception of the world around us. lead stimuli differently to others
culture - different cultures have unique values, norms and beliefs that shape our perceptions
thinking process - believe people thinking processes are influenced by beliefs, backrounds, even language
why do we have sensation and perception? (reason 1)
information intake - sensation is the process of receiving info while perception is organising and intepreting the info. before a memory can form wwe need to perceive and make sense of what we receive
why do we have sensation and perception? (reason 2)
memory encoding - sensory info is initially encoded into STM before potentially being tranferred to LTM how we perceive and intepret stimuli can affect how its encoded
why do we have sensation and perception? (reason 3)
memory retrieval cues - memories are often stored with asscociations to sensory experiences. sensory cues can trigger retrieval and perception can serve as a powerful cue in recalling past events
why do we have sensation and perception? (reason 4)
memory consolidation - sensory experiences can aid in memory consolidation, the process by which memories become stable in the brain. re experiencing sensory elements related to a memory can strengthen neural connections, making it easier to recall
