unit 2 aphug vocab

population distribution

the pattern in which humans are spread out on Earth’s surface

carrying capacity

the number of people a particular environment or Earth as a whole can support on a sustainable basis

age structure

refers to the breakdown of a population into different age groups or cohorts

sex ratio

the ratio of the number of men to number of women in a population

population pyramids

a very useful graphic device for comparing age and sex structure

migration

the long-term or permanent relocation of individuals, families, or entire communities from one place to another

demography

the statistical study of population and its change

rate of natural increase

the difference between the number of births and deaths in a given year, when expressed as a percentage of total population

demographic transition model (DTM)

how crude birth rate (CBR) and crude death rate (CDR) as well as the resulting rate of natural increase (RNI) change over time as countries go through industrialization and urbanization

epidemiological transition theory (ETM)

seeks to explain how changes in health services and living standards affect patterns of disease

malthusian theory

a term derived from the name Thomas Robert Malthus, an English economist and cleric, to mean either “of or relating to Malthus’s theory” or “a follower of Malthus”

pronatalist

designed to boost fertility rates and ultimately population growth

antinatalist

designed to curtail population growth by reducing fertility rates

immigration

the act of a migrant arriving at their destination country

life expectancy

the number of years a person can expect to live from birth

dependency ratio

the number of dependents in a population that each 100 working-age people (15-64 yrs) must support

push/pull factors

push:factors that cause people to be dissatisfied with their present locales and want to move somewhere else. pull: the attributes of other places that make them appealing to potential migrants

forced migration

migration caused by forces out of one’s control, such as disasters, social conflicts, or developmental projects

refugees

a person who leaves their country because of persecution based on race, ethnicity, religion, nationality, or political opinon

internally displaced persons (IDP)

someone who remains within his or her country’s borders despite being persecuted by their home country