Health Assessment: Respiratory

How do you calculate Pack Years?

Packs per day X years = Pack Years

Frothy Sputum is a sign of

Pulmonary Edema

Orthopnea

difficulty breathing laying down

Eupnea

12-20 deep breaths, regular and unlabored

Tachypnea

fast and shallow (common in fevers)

Bradypnea

Slow and regular (common in extreme endurance athletes)

Hyperventilation

fast and deep breaths (panic attacks) Kusmal respirations

Hypoventilation

irregular, shallow, slow breaths (common in Overdoses)

Cheyne-Stokes

regular waxing and waning with periods of apnea (AKA death rattle)

Breath Assessment of COPD

prolonged expiration, with air trapping

Biot Respirations

irregular breathing with periods of apnea, increased inter-cranial pressure (brain freaking out before death)

Crepitus

popping sounds due to subcutaneous emphysema air under skin

Reasons Hyper-resonance would occur?

children, or COPD

Bronchial Normal Breath Sounds

loud, inspiration<expiration length

Normal Bronchovesicular Sounds

moderate pitch, inspiration = expiration length

Normal Vesicular Sounds

low pitched breezy sounds, inspiration > expiration length

Rhonchi Sounds

continuous crackling, snoring sound, decreases with coughing

Causes for Rhonchi sounds

secretions in bronchi (COPD, Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis)

Rale Sounds

popping sounds, do not diminish with cough, discontinuous

Wheeze sound

often expiratory, squeaking

Causes for wheezing sounds

air moving thorough inflamed airways, COPD, Asthma

Causes for Rale sounds

fluid in alveoli, pneumonia, pulmonary edema

Stridor Sound

high pitched crowing sound in upper airway

Causes for Stridor sounds

upper airway obstruction, anaphylaxis, smoke inhalation, croup

Atelectasis Findings

Hypoxia, diminished tactile fremitus, diminished breath in a lobe, potential mediastinal shift toward affected side

Atelectasis

small airway collapse due to hypo-inflation

Hemoptysis

Blood tinged sputum

Pneumonia Clinical Findings

Fever, cough, rales, increased tactile fremitus

Pleural Effusion

accumulation of fluid in pleural space (outside lung)

Clinical Findings of Pleural Effusion

unilateral decreased chest wall movement, sharp pain, dullness, decreased breath sounds

Pulmonary TB

contagious infection due to fluid in lungs

Clinical Findings of Pulmonary TB

Fatigue, anorexia, crackles in apices of lungs, hemoptysis

Clinical Findings of Lung Cancer

Nail clubbing, weight loss, hemoptysis,

ARDs

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, alveoli fill with fluid, acute onset

Clinical Findings of ARDS

reduced lung compliance, persistent hypoxia, frothy sputum, increased pulmonary edema, restlessness

RSV

Respiratory Syncytial Virus, everything begins to swell

Croup

causes swelling of URT, watch for drooling and cyanosis