Social psychology

Cognitive dissonance

The psychological tention that occurs when our thoughts, feelings and/or behaviours don’t align.

Cognitive bias

Conscious, systematic tendances to interperut infomationin a away that is neither rational no based on objective reality.

Confirmation bias

The tendancy to search for and accept iinfomation that supports our prior beliefs or behaviours and ignors condradictory informaion.

Actor-observer bias

The tendancy to attribute our own actions to external factorsand situational causes white attributing other peoples actions to internal factors.

Self-serving bias

The tendancy to attribute positive sucess to our internal character and other actions and attribute our failures to factors and situational causes.

Social stigma

An extreme disapproval or negative labeling of a person or group based on characteristics that society views as different or undesirable

False-consensus bias

The tendancy to overestimate the degree to which other people share the same ideas and attitudes as we do.

Halo effect

The tendancy for the impression we form about one quality of a person to influence our overall beliefs about the person in other respects.

Intimate relationships

A type of relationship you may have with a significant other or close family.

Impersonal relationships

A type if relationship you may have when meeting someone for the first time without personal desirement.

Formal relationships

A type of relationship you may have that is prefeessional such as a wworkplace.

Person perception

The mental process we used to understand and form impressions and of other people.

First impressions

Your initial thought on someone or something based on your first interaction and/or exposure.

Attractive

Appealing or pleasing to the senses.

Non-verbal communication

Process of sending and recieving information without using spoken or written words.

Body language

Conscience and unconscince ways our body posture and movements convey our feelings and attitudes.

Attribution

An elevation made about the causes of behaviour ad the process of makeing this elevation.

Actions

An observable nehaviour, usuallly related to a goal or achievement.

Belief

Acceptance of the truth, reality validity of something (beliefs are linked to what we know already).

Consistant

Always happening in similar ways

Limitation

A restriction or limiting rule/circumstance.

Inconsistancy

Something that does not staythe same, being sometimes good and bad.

stererotype

widley held belief and generalisations about a group such as people animals or objects.

Emperical evidence

Information/data that is collacted through discoveration and experimentation.

Stigma

A negative lable associated with disaproval or rejection by others who are not labled in that way..

Attitude

An evoloution a person makes about an object person event or groups.

Socio-Cultural

A combination of social and cultural factors for example different groups in society and their habits traditions and beliefs.

Tri-Component

An attitude is made up of three parts: affective, behavioral, and cognitive.

Affective Component

The emotional or feeling segment of an attitude, representing how an item, person, or issue makes an individual feel

Behavoural Component

An observable nahavious usually related to a goal or achievement.

Cognitive Component

The mental and belief-based part of a psychological structure.

Emotional Reactions

Choosing when and how to express the emotions we feel.

Cognitive dissonance

The psychological tention that occurs when our thoughts, feelings and behaviours don’t align.

Cognitive Bias

Conscience, systematic tendances to interperupt information in away that is neither rational nor based on objective reality.

Confirmation Bias

The tendancy to search for and accept info that supports our prior beliefs or behaviours and ignors contradictory info.

Actor-Observer Bias

The tendancy to attribute our own actions to external factors & situational causes while attributing other peoples actions to internal factors.

Self-Serving Bias

The tendancy to attribute positive sucess to our internal character and actions and attribute our failures to external factors or situationak causes.

Social Stigma

Dissaproval of, discrimination against an individual/group based on percieved characteristics that serve to distinguish them from other members of society.

False-Consensus Bias

The tendancy to overstimulate the degree to which other people share the same ideas and attitudes as we do.

Halo Effect

The tendancy for the impressions we form about one quality of a person to influency our overall belifs about the person in other respects.

Heuristics

The information-processing strategies or “mental shortcuts” that enable individuals to form judements to make decisions, and solve problems quickly and efficiently.

Anchoring Heuristics

Information-processing stradegy that involves forming judements based on the first information recieved about an idea or concept.

Avaliability Heuristics

Information-processing stradegy that enables individuals to form a judement, solve a problem or make a decision based on information that is easily accessable.

Representative Heuristics

Information-processing stradegy that involves making a catergorical judement about an idea event or person based on similar to other items in that catergory.

Affect Heuristics

Information-processing stradegy that individuals using emotions to mkae a judement, decision or problem solve.

Base Rate Fallacy

Type of bias in which decisions, social perception and judements are influenced more by vivid memories & experiences than statistical facts.

Steriosyping

Grouping people into a catergory based upon their characteristics.

Prejudice

When someone tends to evaluate its members nagativly merly because of the group they are in.

Majority Group

Social group considered to have the most power in a particular place

Minority Group

Social group considered to have less power compared to the majority group.

Behaviour

Actions or reactions of a person in response to external or internal stimuli.

Discrimination

To negative behaviours that is directed towards a social group and its members.

Direct Discrimination

Can be observed when someone is being treated unfairly because of their association with a particular group (you can see it).

Indirect Discrimination

A practice or rule applied to all people and unfairly disadvantages one group.

Stigma

A nagative label associated with dissaproval or rejection by others who are not labled the same way.

Self-Stigma

Nagative attitudes, including internalised shame, that people may have on themselves and their own condition.

Social stigma

Dissaproval of, discrimination against an indiviadual/group based on perceieved characteristics that serve to distinguish them from other members of society.