The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA before the Krebs cycle.
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Why do microaerophiles require reduced oxygen?
High oxygen concentrations are toxic to them.
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Name one antiviral drug from the sample exam.
Amantadine.
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Name one antihelminthic drug from the sample exam.
Niclosamide.
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Name one antimycobacterial drug from the sample exam.
Rifampin.
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What happens to pH when bacteria ferment sugars?
The pH decreases because acids are produced.
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What type of environment causes water to leave microbial cells?
A hypertonic environment.
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Why are sugars and salts effective preservatives?
They remove water from microbial cells by osmosis.
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What is the relationship between catabolism and ATP?
Catabolism releases energy to produce ATP.
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What is the relationship between anabolism and ATP?
Anabolism requires ATP to build complex molecules.
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What is the difference between aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation?
Aerobic respiration uses O₂ as the final electron acceptor; anaerobic respiration uses another inorganic molecule; fermentation uses an organic molecule