BIOLOGY: Postulates of the Cell Theory (copy)

Robert Hooke

Robert Hooke

The term "cell" was initially applied to these microscopic units of life in 1665 by a British scientist by the name of?

Robert Hooke

- an English polymath active as a scientist, natural philosopher and architect.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

- a Dutch microbiologist and microscopist in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology.

Robert Hooke

- one of the earliest scientists to study living things under a microscope.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

- First person to observe human cells and bacteria.

Matthias Jakob Schleiden

- German Botanist

Matthias Jakob Schleiden

- Declared that the plant organism is made up of cells.

Theodor Schwann

- German Physiologist

Theodor Schwann

- Theorized that animals develop from cells that divided into new cells, same as plants.

Rudolf Virchow

- German physician, anthropologist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist, writer, editor, and politician

Rudolf Virchow

- Realized that living cells produce new cells through division

• All organisms are made up of one or more cells

• All life functions of organisms occur within cells

• All cells come from already existing cells

Three Postulates of the Cell Theory

Cells

the basic unit of life and are composed of several organelles, each with a specific structure and function.

Major organelles

nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum

subcellular organelles

ribosomes and lysosomes.

PROKARYOTE

A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle.

EUKARYOTE

a multicellular cell that contains a nucleus and a membrane-bound organelle.

NUCLEUS

is the control center of the cell, containing genetic material (DNA) that dictates the cell's structure and function.

nuclear envelope

a double-layered membrane

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

is a network of membrane-bound tubes and sacs that synthesizes, folds, and modifies proteins and lipids.

GOLGI APPARATUS

modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for delivery to their final destinations inside or outside the cell.

MITOCHONDRIA

the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP, the main energy currency of the body. They also regulate cell signaling and death.

Lysosomes

are cellular organelles responsible for the breakdown of cellular waste and recycling of materials. They contain hydrolytic enzymes that can break down proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.

Ribosomes

a cellular organelle responsible for protein synthesis. Tiny dots that float freely in the cytoplasm.

CYTOPLASM

Provides turgor pressure to plant cells as fluid inside the central vacuole; site of metabolic reactions.

PEROXISOME

small, round organlles enclosed by a single membrane.

VESICLES AND VACUOLES

membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport.

CHLOROPLAST

plant cell organelles that convert light energy into relatively stable chemical energy via the photosynthetic process.

CENTROSOME

a structure involved in cell division.

CYTOSKELETON

made up of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments.

FLAGELLA

a long, slender, whiplike cellular structure used generally for locomotion

CILIA

hair-like structures found on the surface of many types of cells, including some mammalian cells, especially those lining various tissues and organs

CELL WALL

the outer covering of a cell, present adjacent to the cell membrane. cell wall is present in all plant cells, fungi, bacteria, algae, and some archaea.

CELL MEMBRANE

separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment