Depression and New Deal

What was one result of investing mostly in the stock market during the 1920s?

Lack of diversification caused massive investment losses.

What region was devastated by the Dust Bowl during the Great Depression?

The Great Plains.

How did Franklin D. Roosevelt communicate directly with Americans?

Fireside Chats.

Which durable goods industry was hit hardest by the Great Depression?

Automobile industry.

What were two major successes of the New Deal?

Provided TVA electricity and FDIC bank insurance.

What form of entertainment invented in the 1930s remains popular today?

Comic books.

What two symbols represented Hoover's failure during the Great Depression?

Hoovervilles and the Bonus Army.

What immediately triggered Black Tuesday in 1929?

Banks demanded repayment of stock market loans.

Who were the Scottsboro Boys?

Black men wrongly accused of assault.

Besides helping the elderly, what did Social Security encourage?

Older Americans to leave the workforce, opening jobs for others.

What happened as sharecropping collapsed during the Great Depression?

More people moved to cities.

How did the Supreme Court respond after Roosevelt's 1936 election?

Began allowing more New Deal programs to be constitutional.

What did the Liberty League, Charles Coughlin, and Huey Long have in common?

They all opposed Roosevelt's New Deal in different ways.

What was the effect of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff?

It decreased international trade.

Which New Deal program regulated working hours and child labor?

National Recovery Act (NRA).

How did the Great Depression affect governments around the world?

It encouraged authoritarian dictators and greater government control of economies.

Who benefited most from the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)?

Large farms.

What was significant about the sit-down strike?

It was a successful peaceful protest that won workplace changes.

What did deflation mean at the beginning of the Great Depression?

Producers earned less money for the same products.

What was the main source of entertainment during the Great Depression?

Radio.

What industry did the FDIC protect?

Banking.

What caused the Roosevelt Recession of 1937?

Cutting back New Deal spending too soon caused the economy to weaken again.

Who did many Americans blame for taking jobs during the Great Depression?

Minorities.

How did poor investment regulation contribute to the Great Depression?

Banks made many loans for stock market investing.

Which industry made Southern California famous in the 1920s and 1930s?

The movie industry.

Why was the Mississippi Delta already struggling before the stock market crash?

The 1927 Flood ruined the growing season.

Why was the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) created?

To restore confidence in the stock market.

What is a key idea of Keynesian economics?

Federal government spending helps keep the economy moving.

What officially ended the Great Depression?

World War II.

What was Roosevelt's relationship with the Supreme Court early in the New Deal?

The Court often ruled his programs unconstitutional.

What was the long-term effect of the 1929 stock market crash?

It eventually caused the Great Depression.

What is unique about the 21st Amendment?

It repealed a previous amendment (Prohibition).

What was the first phase of Roosevelt's New Deal called?

The First 100 Days.

Why did Comitern fail to stop Germany?

The U.S. refused to help because of the Red Scare.

Why were lower- and middle-class Americans hit especially hard by the Great Depression?

They had accumulated more debt during the 1920s.

How successful were Hoover's requests that businesses avoid layoffs?

They were a complete failure.

What nickname was given to many Dust Bowl migrants in California?

Okies.

What happened when banks called in loans after the Crash of 1929?

More businesses went bankrupt.

Why did demand for durable goods fall by 1930?

Most Americans already owned them and did not need replacements.

Why did some Americans oppose the Works Progress Administration (WPA)?

It employed artists, photographers, and writers instead of only factory workers.