Chemical Reaction of Organic Compounds (Pharmaceutical Medicinal Organic Chemistry Laboratory)

Alcohol

Compound that have OH group bonded to a saturated, alkane-like carbon atom.

Capsaicin

This is an active component of chili peppers (sili).

Tetrahydrocannabinol ThT

The principal psychoactive constituents of cannabis (Marijuana)

Huckel’s Rule

This rule help to determine if a planar ring molecule would have aromatic properties.

1. Monohydric

2. Dihydric

3. Truhydric

Classification of alcohol according to the number of hydroxyl group attached to their molecule. (3)

1. Primary

2. Secondary

3. Tertiary

Classification of Alcohol according to the number of carbon atoms bound to the carbon atom with the hydroxyl group. (3)

Trihydric Alcohol

What Class of Alcohol is Glycerol or Glycerin?

Carbonyl containing products

Different kinds of this product formed, depending on the structure of the starting alcohol and on the reaction condition?

Ketones

Secondary alcohols are converted into what?

Oxidizing agents

What treatment used by producing Ketones from Secondary Alcohol?

Tertiary Alcohol

What type of alcohol does not normally react with oxidizing agent?

1. Periodinane

2. Chromium trioxide

3. Sodium dichromate

Common oxidizing agents of Primary alcohol. (3)

Pyridium chlorochromate

It is a reagent in organic synthesis used primarily for oxidation of alcohol to form carbonyl and this reagent is not environmentally friendly.

Chromic acid

This is a strong oxidizer that typically converts primary alcohol to carboxylic acid and secondary alcohol to ketones.

Dimethyl sulfoxide

Swern oxidation uses what compound?

Swern oxidation and Des Martin periodinane

This is used to as a mild oxidizer primary alcohol to aldehydes and secondary alcohol to ketones.

Alkene or Ether

Dehydration of alcohol produced what?

170 degree Celcius

In dehydrating alcohol what specific temperature to form alkene?

140 degree Celcius

In dehydrating alcohol what specific temperature to form Ether?

Nucleophilic cleavage

Refers to the substitution reaction where an OH is replaced by a halide.

Enol or Alkenol

A molecule which has a hydroxyl group directly bonded to an alkene.

Ferric chloride

Traditional colorimetric test for phenol.

Permanganate Oxidation

Oxidized both primary and secondary alcohol in either basic or acidic solution.

1. Aldehydes

2. Ketones

2 simplest families of carbonyl compounds.

1. Cinnamon

2. Vanilla

3. Almond

Common aldehydes that give specific natural flavors and aroma. (3)

1. Jasmone (Jasmine flower)

2. Muscone (Male musk deer)

Common aldehydes that give specific aroma. (2) [Give the source each]

Methenamine

This is a compound that metabolized to formaldehyde in the urine, aiding in UTI treatment by killing bacteria.

Lowest Boiling point

Base on the boiling point of Alkane what is boiling point level?

Highest Boiling point

Base on the boiling point of Alcohol what is boiling point level?

Between higher and lower boiling point

Base on the boiling point of Aldehydes and Ketones what is boiling point level?

> 12C

The state of Aldehyde in Ketone usually in liquid state. How many carbon to change it in solid state?

< 5C

What best for Aldehyde and Ketone to be soluble in water?

Flammable

Lower boiling point of Aldehyde and Ketone can be?

Low toxicity

Base on toxicity of Simple ketone are generally?

Formaldehyde

Toxic example of Aldehyde.

Tollen’s reagent

This is the most visually appealing oxidizing agent for aldehydes.

Benedict’s reagent

This reagent have a mild oxidizing agent can be used to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones.

Diamminesilver

Tollen’s reagent conatins what compound?

Grey precipitate of silver or Silver mirror

Aldehyde produce what reaction when added a Diamminesilver?

1. Copper sulfate (ii)

2. Sodium citrate

3. Sodium carbonate

Benedict’s reagent compounds. (3)

Brick red solid

Benedict’s reagent react with aldehyde sugars, what reaction formed?

1. Ester

2. Amides

Derivatives of Carboxylic acid. (2)

Ester formation or Esterification

It is carried out by warming a carboxylic acid with an alcohol in the presence of strong acid catalyst.

Sulfuric acid

Common catalyst in Esterification

1. Alpha hydroxy acids

2. Glycolic acid

3. Lactic acid

4. Citric acid

5. Mandelic acid

Acid that can be oxidized. (5)

Ester

When the OH of the carboxyl group is converted to OR.

118 degree Celcius

Boiling point of Acetic acid.

57 degree Celcius

Boiling point of Methyl ester

77 degree Celsius

Boiling point of Ethyl ester

Hydrolysis

Ester and Amides undergo what reaction?