319 Unit 5 - Sleep and Sleep-Wake Disorders (part 1)

(REM/non-REM) is the most important part of the sleep cycle, where the body regenerates

REM

Which most accurately describes the circadian rhythm?

a. sleep-wake pattern affected by how much screen time an individual is exposed to

b. sleep-wake pattern controlled by the hypothalamus, affected by sleep habits and exposure to sunlight

c. pattern of alternations between REM and non-REM cycles

d. all of the above

b. sleep-wake pattern controlled by the hypothalamus, affected by sleep habits and exposure to sunlight

______________ is the hormone released from pineal gland produced when light exposure decreases

a. manganese

b. melatonin

c. dopamine

d. somatostatin

b. melatonin

which step of the sleep cycle lasts 1-7 minutes in which the brain is still aware of outside stimulus but begins to nod off

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. REM

a. 1

which step of the sleep cycle lasts 10-20 minutes involving the body falling into a deeper sleep with HR, BP, RR, and cerebral activity decreasing; can include feelings of twitching or falling

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. REM

b. 2

which step of the sleep cycle lasts 20-40 minutes in which the body is harder to wake and can result in a panicked feeling when waken from this stage

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. REM

c. 3

which stage of the sleep cycle involves a sleep paralysis with increased vital signs and brain activity along with occurrence of vivid dreams?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. REM

d. REM

true or false: caffeine and nicotine use affect the non-REM portion of the sleep cycle, preventing the body from proper rest

false - they affect the REM sleep cycle

sleep disorders are problems with _______________

a. staying asleep

b. falling asleep

c. daytime sleepiness

d. all of the above

d. all of the above

which of the following is the primary diagnostic tool for sleep disorders?

a. actigraphy

b. polysomnography

c. sleep log

d. thorough history and physical

b. polysomnography

_____________ is a test used to assess relaxation by detecting muscle motion while an individual is asleep

a. EEG

b. actigraphy

c. EKG

d. EMG

actigraphy

which circadian rhythm disorder involves drowsiness during the day due to excess melatonin production? (common with blindness or brain lesions)

a. non-24 hour sleep wake rhythm disorder

b. irregular sleep-wake rhythm

c. delayed and advanced sleep-wake disorder

d. shift-work disorder

a. non-24 hour sleep-wake rhythm disorder

which circadian rhythm disorder causes sporadic sleep that may meet the daily recommendation but is not beneficial? (common in neurodegenerative disorders or poor sleep hygiene)

a. non-24 hour sleep wake rhythm disorder

b. irregular sleep-wake rhythm

c. delayed and advanced sleep-wake disorder

d. shift-work disorder

b. irregular sleep-wake rhythm

which circadian rhythm disorder can be related to developmental changes in adolescents causing later bedtimes and waking up later?

a. non-24 hour sleep wake rhythm disorder

b. irregular sleep-wake rhythm

c. delayed and advanced sleep-wake disorder

d. shift-work disorder

c. delayed and advances sleep-wake disorder

which circadian rhythm disorder occurs with the body attempting to fall back into a normal sleep pattern after being awake at nighttime?

a. non-24 hour sleep wake rhythm disorder

b. irregular sleep-wake rhythm

c. delayed and advanced sleep-wake disorder

d. shift-work disorder

d. shift-work disorder

__________ is a very common sleep disorder involving problems getting to sleep or staying to sleep; people with increased risk are women, individuals with anxiety, and the elderly

a. insomnia

b. narcolepsy

c. restless leg syndrome

d. parasomnia

a. insomnia

what are the parameters for a chronic insomnia diagnosis?

a. frequent episodes in less than 3 months

b. episodes 3 times a week for 3 months

c. episodes at least every other night

d. chronic insomnia does not exist

b. episodes 3 times a week for 3 months

chronic insomnia is often caused by (medical conditions/stressors)

medical conditions

true or false: many medications used to manage insomnia are habit forming so non-pharmacological treatments are often recommended instead

true

____________ is the recurrent attack of drowsiness and sleep during the daytime regardless of how much sleep is attained overnight

a. insomnia

b. narcolepsy

c. restless leg syndrome

d. parasomnia

b. narcolepsy

what class of drugs are given to individuals with narcolepsy to aid in symptom management?

a. antihistamines

b. opioids

c. stimulants

d. antipsychotics

c. stimulants - including amphetamines and antidepressants

restless leg syndrome can be primary or secondary in nature and the first line of defense for treatment is ____________

a. ropinerole (requip)

b. methylphenidate (ritalin)

c. analeptics (caffeine)

d. amphetamine sulfate (adderall)

a. ropinerole (requip)

apneic episodes in OSA are defined as _________ seconds or longer

10

what are the first three symptoms often reported by individuals with sleep apea?

a. brain fog, anorexia, weight loss

b. daytime sleepiness, snoring, gasping

c. hypertension and congestion

d. OSA does not present with symptoms until later stages

b. daytime sleepiness, snoring, gasping

_____________ are undesirable episodes during sleep such as terrors, sleepwalking, and bedwetting

a. insomnia

b. narcolepsy

c. restless leg syndrome

d. parasomnia

d. parasomnia

what is a common cause of older adult sleep disturbance?

a. obesity

b. medication side effects

c. diet

d. underlying psychological conditions

b. medication side effects