BIO TEST 2

What is the process of photosynthesis?

The process by which plants use light to synthesize carbohydrates, primarily sugars.

What is the net equation for photosynthesis?

6H2O + 6CO2 + Light → C6H12O6 + 6O2

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

Water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2).

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2).

Where does water enter the plant during photosynthesis?

Water enters the plant through the roots.

How does carbon dioxide enter the plant?

Carbon dioxide enters the leaves through tiny openings called stomata.

What is the function of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Chlorophyll absorbs light energy, mainly blue and red light, for the photosynthesis process.

What organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?

The chloroplast.

What are the two stages of photosynthesis?

Light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle).

What occurs during the light-dependent reactions?

Water is oxidized into oxygen gas; ATP and NADPH are produced.

What occurs during the Calvin Cycle?

Carbon dioxide is fixed and converted into sugars like glucose.

What enzyme catalyzes the reaction between carbon dioxide and ribulose biphosphate (RuBP)?

Rubisco.

What is the role of ATP in the Calvin Cycle?

ATP provides energy to convert 3-phosphoglycerate into glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P).

What happens during the reduction phase of the Calvin Cycle?

NADPH is used to reduce 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate into G3P.

How many molecules of CO2 are needed to produce one molecule of glucose?

Six molecules of CO2 are required to produce one molecule of glucose.

What is produced as a byproduct of the light-dependent reactions?

Oxygen gas (O2).

What is chemiosmosis in photosynthesis?

The process where hydrogen ions flow through ATP synthase, producing ATP.

How many molecules of NADPH are needed to produce one molecule of glucose?

Twelve molecules of NADPH are required.

Where do the light-dependent reactions occur?

In the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast.

What is the main product of the Calvin Cycle?

G3P (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate), which can be used to produce glucose.

What is the structure formed by stacks of thylakoids in the chloroplast?

Granum (plural: grana).