U.S History: World War II Test

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How were Japanese Americans treated post Pearl Harbor?

Americans feared that JA were loyal to Japan, which led to discrimination brought up on by propaganda such as racist movies, posters, and songs.

Japanese Internment Camps(Dates, start and end, reparations)

February 19, 1942, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066. The military used this order to forcefully evacuate 110,000 Japanese-Americans from the Pacific coast and move them further inland into guarded internment camps. This ended until December 1944, but the U.S never officially apologized to Japanese Americans until 1988 and every surviving victim received 20,000 dollars each(first time U.S apologized to ethnic group and offered reparations)

The purpose of WW2 propaganda:

an ideal agent for making victory the personal mission of every citizen, attempting to boost production in factories used for supplying the war(weapons, supplies, etc).

OWI

To control the content and imagery of war messages, the government created the Office of War Information (OWI) in June 1942.

How did war posters target average citizens? How many were put up?

It made citizens feel as though they were apart of the battle, despite not being on the battle front. The OWI made sure to put posters everywhere in order to visually demonstrate the war effort.

How did the workforce change when propaganda came into effect?

Posters castigated workers for punching in late, taking long breaks, damaging the company’s equipment, and even drinking after work.

The Nature of The Enemy

stereotypes of who the government is fighting against(Ex. Nazi’s had the swastika and hated Jewish people)

The Nature of our Allies

The government is identifying who is fighting with them(Ex. U.S fought with Britain, France, and Soviet Union during WW2)

The Need to Work

Ways citizens could contribute to the war effort by working.

The Need to Fight

Need to wage war on land, sea, or air in order to win

The Need to Sacrifice

Citizens needing to give up certain supplies in order to help out soldiers(Coffee, gas, clothes, store food)

The Americans

What they are fighting for(4 freedoms, principle of Atlantic charter, democracy, and equality of race & religion)

Propaganda:

biased information used to shape public opinion & behavior

How did Nazi’s use propaganda? What was the propaganda about?

Nazi’s(Skilled propagandists) used propaganda to make Germans believe that they were the only pure race. They mainly targeted minorities like Jewish people, but also discriminated base on race and sexuality.

When did Nazi’s take over Media? What happened to the Media?

1933, after Hitler became Chancellor. Independent Newspapers were shut down, and other media such as radio, film, theater, and musical production

What types of symbols did Nazi’s use?

Symbols(Swastika), creating a New Flag, using derogatory slogans(like calling Jewish people “the scourge of humanity” ), recruiting Children in his Hitler Youth group

Joseph Stalin

• Ruled Soviet Union for 30 years

• created terrible programs for agriculture and industry led to millions dying

• Purged political opponents

• Imprisoned and killed thousands

• Helped led the Allies to victory

• trying to spread communism led to the high tension between axis powers(Cold War)

• Still had ‘Cult of Personality”

Franklin D. Roosevelt

• Longest serving president(4 consecutive terms)

• Three R’s(Relief, recovery, reform)

• Advocated for federal intervention during the Great Depression(helped led the economy out of the depression)

• Helped influence Americans to want to join the war(radio)

• First served in New York senate then as governor.

• created lend lease program

Winston Churchill

• Born into wealth

• Advocated for public service

• Prime minister of England

• Military officer

• Led Britain to Victory in WW2

The Munich Conference

When Britain Prime Minister(Neville Chamberlain) and Hitler forces parts of Czechoslovakia to be annexed by Germany to avoid war. However, it did the opposite.

Continual Conventional Bombing: Disadvantages

• U.S firebombed major cities like Okinawa and Tokyo, which caused significant damage and lost lives

• 330,000 people killed & 430,000 injuries in air raid

• Japan refused to surrender, despite high # of lives lost for Japan

Continual Conventional Bombing: Advantages

• Was effective in causing damage to Japanese cities

Land invasion of Japan: Advantages

• Japan would be forced to surrender and be under U.S rule after WW2 ended

Land invasion of Japan: Disadvantages

• Japan would not easily surrender(planned to resist to the end and spend so much money that they wanted the U.S to call ceasefire) despite knowing it was hopeless

• High casualties in similar battles(Iwo Jima: 6.500, Okinawa: 13,000)

• Afraid of high calsuties(millions of U.S soldiers, 250,000 Japanese citizens)

Demonstrate Atomic Bomb on an unpopulated Island: Advantages

• Would not hurt any citizens

• Japan would be able to understand what weapons the U.S has, creating more fear

Demonstrate Atomic Bomb on an unpopulated Island: Disadvantages

• Bomb could be faulty(Japan could gain confidence)

• Japan may not use scientist to judge the power of the bomb(may use politicians)

• Could waste time for the U.S, as Japan could plan for more fighting during the waiting period

Use Atomic bomb on inhabited Japanese city: Advantages

• Japan would most likely surrender and WW2 would end(“adequate impression”)

• Did not choose cultural significant cities like kyoto(truman wanted to destroy the military, not culture people)

• Stopping the war would save millions of soldiers going to invade Japan

Use Atomic bomb on inhabited Japanese city: Disadvantages

• Warning citizens could lead to Japan’s air force shooting the aircraft with the bomb down

• Used city with little to none damage to see how much the bomb destroyed the city

• Many citizens would die(80,000 directly, 60,000 from future radiation, 35,000 injured)

Womens role in WW2:

Since men were sent off to war, their wives and their women had to run the factory in order to supply the war effort. Productivity increased in mechanics(400%).

How did American industry change to support the war effort?

Everyone was supporting the war effort(War bonds, working, rationing, etc)

How did the use of atomic weapons change warfare and international relationships?

• Now nuclear warfare that countries could develop

• Many did not want to go to war again

How did WW2 change America as a country?

Made Americans less naive & more vocal about war/other conflicts

When did WW2 end in Europe?

May 8th, 1945

When did WW2 end in the Pacific?

September 2nd, 1945

Location of when the war ended in the Pacific

Deck of the USS Missouri, Tokyo Bay

Who was the Supreme Allied Commander:

General Douglas MacArthur

Military leaders:

Chester Nimitz & John McCain

What did MacArthur promise to proceed with?

Justice and Tolerance

Location and resting place of the USS Missouri:

New York, Pearl Harbor

President during the Surrender of Japan:

Harry Truman