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veto
The power to block proposed legislation from becoming a law.
veto override
The process by which Congress can negate a presidential veto with a two-thirds vote in both the House and Senate.
the Cabinet
Heads of the fifteen major bureaucratic departments within the executive branch who assist the president in policy making.
executive order
A rule or order issued by the president that has the force of law.
executive privilege
The president’s right to withhold information from congress, the judiciary, or the public under certain circumstances.
executive agreements
Agreements between the president and another country made without formal Senate consent; can be unilaterally broken by future presidents.
impoundment
The decision by the president to not spend money that has been appropriated by Congress.
primary
State-level election where voters cast ballots for their preferred presidential candidate.
caucus
Meeting at which local party members register their preference among presidential candidates or select delegates to the national convention.
Electoral College
The system used to elect the president, consisting of 538 electors who cast votes based on state results.
faithless electors
Electors who defy their party by not voting for the party's nominee.
National Popular Vote Interstate Compact
Agreement among states to award their presidential electors to the candidate receiving the most nationwide votes, regardless of state votes.
President’s power of removal
The authority of the president to demand the resignation or removal of cabinet officers and high-ranking officials.
President’s power of pardon
A president's ability to grant forgiveness that removes some consequences of a conviction.
impeachment
The act of charging a government official, including the president, with serious wrongdoing.
bureaucracy
The full set of bureaucratic agencies that help execute government functions.
civil servants
Individuals who fill non-elected positions in government and make up the bureaucracy.
Cabinet Departments
Major bureaucratic offices directly accountable to the president, each headed by a secretary.
Independent Executive Agencies
Bureaucratic agencies that report to the president but operate independently from cabinet oversight.
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Agencies insulated from political pressure, where heads can only be removed for specific causes.