6.4: Economic Development / 6.5: Economic Imperialism

6.4: Railroads

Lowered raw material transport cost and opened up colonial markets for manufactured goods

6.4: Cecil Rhodes

Had an unfinished railroad project for connecting colonies that used low-paid native colonial laborers.

6.4: Steamships

Steam-powered ships that revolutionized sea travel

6.4: Telegraph

Revolutionized communication and used in colonies

6.4: Cash Crops (Cause & Affect)

Crops grown for commercial value rather than personal use.

Cause: Europeans found agricultural economies in Asia/AFR.

Affect: Replaced food crops, food cost rose

6.4: Guano

Natural fertilizer used in Latin America

6.4: Export Economies

Colonies focused on exporting goods

6.4: Cotton

Warships blocked off cotton trade in USA Civil War, causing Egypt and India to mass produce cotton

6.4: Rubber

Indigenous people were forced into “slavery” for this cash crop

6.4: Palm Oil

Cash crop lubricated machinery

6.4: Ivory

Cash crop produced by elephant tusks.

6.4: Minerals - Copper, Tin, Gold

Chile made copper(wiring). Bolivia, Nigeria, Malaya, & Dutch East Indies made tin(cans). Australia, Africa made gold.

6.4: Diamonds

Cecil Rhodes found a diamond rush in South Africa

6.4: De Beers Mining Company

Cecil Rhodes made this and it had lots of resources

6.4: Apartheid

Cecil Rhodes’ racist policies as minister of the Cape Colony paved the way fo this form of racial segregation in South Africa

6.4: Consequences of Commercial Extraction

Bad climate/fertility, crop diseases spread more.

6.4: Monocultures

Lack of agricultural diversity

{6.5}: Economic Imperialism

Foreign businesses profit off natural resources beyond their borders

{6.5}: Spice Islands

Dutch EIC had monopoly trade with the Spice Islands

{6.5}: Culture System

Forced farmers to choose between growing cash crops for exports or corvee labor

{6.5}: China

Exported goods to Britain but didn’t import due to lack in interest

{6.5}: Opium

EIC forced farmers to grow opium to make up for trade imbalance; addictive illegal drug

{6.5}: Opium War

Chinese seized British opium, leading to war, showing continuity in European power

{6.5}: Treaty of Nanking

Required China to open 4 more ports to foreigners, cede Hong Kong to Britain, pay damages, allow free trade

{6.5}: Cash Crop

Africans relied on one cash crop, showing vulnerability during droughts & economic declines. Food production declined.

{6.5}: Egypt, Sudan, and Uganda

Used cotton as a cash crop

{6.5}: Kenya

Cheap labor for whites, prohibited from growing/export of cash crops

{6.5}: Gold Coast

African region; largest cocoa producer.

{6.5}: Slavery in Africa

Produced many cash crops and was banned in 1912

{6.5}: Role of the USA

Monroe Doctrine kept Latin America in USA’s sphere of influence

{6.5}: Investments in Argentina

Britain invested a lot, increasing farming

{6.5}: Pampas

Argentina’s grassy plains

{6.5}: Mining in Chile

Wealth of raw materials brought Spain dependency and tension among neighboring states

{6.5}: Rubber Industry in Brazil

Declined after rubber was grown elsewhere for lower costs. Trade organized to the advantages of companies

{6.5}: Banana Republic

Central American countries under the economic power of foreign corporations

{6.5}: Economic Imperialism in Hawaii

Overthrew the constitutional monarchy to be annexed by the USA.