Chapter 1 - Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

Kohlberg believed that moral development parallels cognitive development. Kohlberg's theory holds that moral reasoning, which is the basis for ethical behaviour, has 6 identifiable developmental constructive stages - each more adequate at responding to moral dilemmas than the last. He grouped his 6 stages of moral reasoning into 3 major levels. A person must pass through each successive stage of moral development without skipping a stage.

Stage 1 - Preconventiional Level

Elementary school level (before 9). Child obeys authority figure out of fear of punishment. Obedience/punishment.

Stage 2 - Preconventional Level Continued

Child acts acceptably as it is in his/her best interests. Conforms to rules to receive awards.

Stage 3 - Conventional (follow stereotypic norms of morality)

Early adolescence. Person acts to gain approval from others. “Good boy/good girl” orientation.

Stage 4 - Conventional Continued

Obeys laws and fulfills obligations and duties to maintain social system. Rules are rules. Avoids censure and guilt.

Stage 5 - Postconventional (this level is not reached by most adults)

Adult. Genuine interest in welfare of others, concerned with individual rights and being morally right.

Stage 6 - Postconventional Continued

Guided by individual principles based on broad, universal ethical principles. Concern for larger universal issues of morality.