Anthropology

What is the structure of the “modern world system”?

globalization

8. How do medical anthropologists approach the study of health and illness? What is an example from the readings or lectures?

medical

1. Cultural anthropology is the study of

The social and cultural diversity of the modern world

1. Culture is best defined as

The meaningful lifeway of people 

The principle of cultural relativism proposes that

  To understand why people in foreign societies do the things they do, one must understand what guides and motivates them

Holism is a foundational analytical approach in cultural anthropology. It is used

regardless of the topic, community, or time period being studied. As a type of

analysis, what does it involve?

Relating social phenomena to a larger sociocultural and political economic

context or system.

The veil is a shared form of culture across many Muslim societies. At the same time,

However, it can mean different things to different people. For example, while it

typically symbolizes religious virtue, it can also symbolize women's subordination to

male control. What does this reveal about culture?

It can be contested by different groups within the same society or cultural

context.

Margaret Mead's fieldwork in Samoa in the 1920s focused on the experience of

female adolescence. At the time, her research was controversial because she

examined the sexual freedom of her research subjects, which stood in contrast to

the cultural norms of American society. It was also considered to be significant,

however, because she showed sexual behavior to be strongly shaped by

Enculturation

Which of the following is defined as the ability to create consent and agreement

within a population by shaping what people think is normal, natural, and possible?

Hegemony

In 1989, a large number of people in China protested the lack of democracy through

demonstrations in Tiananmen Square. From an anthropological perspective, what is

this action an example of?

Expressing agency

Anthropologists study symbols because

They are vehicles of cultural meaning that motivate and guide action.

The social and cultural construction of reality refers to which of the following?

Using language to impose order on natural and social worlds 

The anthropological approach to gender, sex, and sexuality studies them as

Sociocultural constructs and structures of power 

What is a major flaw in all racial classifications of human beings?

they all assume there is a biological trait that is unique to each race, and which

is shared by all members of a given race.

A set of ideas about what men and women are like and which justifies inequality

between them is termed

gender ideology

Why are invented traditions like the Scottish kilt and tartan often part of nationalist

movements?

 Because nationalist movements seek to unify a diverse population with a shared national culture and establish legitimacy by connecting the nation to an ancient and sacred past 

2. A form of exchange in which accumulated wealth is collected from the members of the group and reallocated in a different pattern is called

redistribution

5. What are three adaptive strategies for food production in nonindustrial societies?

pastoralism, horticulture, and agriculture

Globalization is leading to

cultural homogenization and cultural diversity

Trobriand islanders changed the British game of cricket by adapting it to their existing culture. They did this by:

Answer - wedding it to practices of gift exchange and alliance-building

18. Your college experience leads eventually to your graduation, a ritual process that ushers you into the “real world,” where you are expected to find a job and be a productive member of the larger society. In the model of ritual that Victor Turner describes, the entirety of your experience, including the graduation ceremony itself, helps to promote

communitas

The Kayapo were successful in stopping commercial deforestation and development projects like the Xingu Dam in their territory because they framed their protest movement in particular terms. What did this “framing process” involve?

Human rights and environmental justice

24. When Marta was growing up, her parents, religious leaders, school lessons, favorite books, and television shows all taught her that good people who work hard get what they deserve. As an adult, she supports political parties and policies that frame the poor as lazy freeloaders. This is an example of

 hegemony

UX

user experience

Photographic gaze

seems like neutral unbiased perspective, but someone is behind the camera and making decisions on how the photo is going to look

Ground level perspective

 ethnographic perspective, not based on being among the people, more on a data set (2008 financial crisis) predict behaviors of CDOs and housing markets, failed to make the right predictions. Crisis was beginning to develop

WEIRD thinking

Western Educated Industrialized Rich Democratic logical thinking that focuses on details but misses context of the bigger picture, talks about the Primrose school case. Disconnect between the managers of the school and potential customers, managers were GEN X ( technical expertise) the customers, MILLENIAL were caring about building character and resilience in the children

2008 Financial Crisis

CDO part of crisis, anthropologists use an anthropological approach to understand how the financial crisis developed and the bubble burst 

What were causations of the 2008 financial crisis

• Opacity of derivatives 

• Too much faith in financial models

• Siloed investment terms

Failure of financial models to predict actual behaviors, derivatives market didn’t spread risk

How did the Takarazuka subvert gender roles?

Takarazuka subvert gender role by having a set idea of what men should be

Politics of Paradise

Question 7, refers to essay by Elizabeth Buck politics is not just about political systems- conflict of interest, competing understandings of reality