Mary I - Religion

What was the First Act of Repeal?

- October 1553

- Swept away all religious changes changes made under Edward VI

- Restored England to levels at the death of Henry VIII

- Advisors told her not to go any further at this time

What were the Royal Injunctions?

- March 1554

- Bishops were ordered to suppress heresy, remove married clergy, restore holy days, processions and ceremonies

What were Mary's Heresy Laws?

- April 1554

- Reintroduced

- Those who could not renounce their faith would be burnt

( same as Henry VIII)

- Parliament only agreed to this when Mary agreed not to return monastic land

What was the Second Act of Repeal?

- January 1555

- Abolished all doctrinal legislation passed since 1529

- This included the 1534 Act of Supremacy, meaning technically

- This did not, however, mean that church land was reinstated

What was government policy regarding religion split into?

- Persecution and persuasion (education)

How was education used in regard to religion?

- Emphasis was placed on better training and supervision of parish priests

- Bishops were instructed to set up local training schools and make regular visits to observe the work of priests

What was the role of national decrees in Mary's religious policies?

- National decrees laid down standards expected from priests and new editions of the Prayer Book and Bible were used for guidance

How had Mary changed religion within a year of her succession?

- The senior clergy had been purged of Protestant elements

- Work had begun on ordering parish priests to either give up their families or lose their jobs

How did Mary use burnings?

- Protestants who would not renounce their faith were to be burned

- this began in 1555

How many suspected Protestants were burned?

- 300

How many were burned in 46 months?

- 280

How many of these were bishops?

- 5

How many of these were women?

- 51

What happened to Cranmer in 1556?

- He was burned in Oxford

How did Mary view these convictions?

- As necessary, but her advisors disagreed

How did Protestants use Propaganda regarding religion?

- They began to associate Catholicism with intolerance and tried to undermine Mary's authority

- Beyond London there was little resistance

Who was Reginald Pole?

- A prominent Catholic figure in England at the time of Henry VIII's early reign

- His mother and brother were executed in the Exeter conspiracy in 1541

Who was Reginald Pole related to?

- His father was a cousin of Henry VII and his mother was the niece of the Yorkist King Edward IV

What role did Reginald Pole have under Mary?

- Papal Legate

- After a year was made Archbishop of Canterbury

Why was there conflict between Reginald Pole and the Pope Paul IV?

- Pope Paul IV was strongly opposed to humanism, which Pole strongly believed in

What happened to Reginald Pole at the end of Mary's reign?

- The Pope called Pole to Rome to answer for heresy claims

- Mary refused to let him leave

-He died only a few hours after Mary died in 1558

What problem did Mary face with the Pope?

- The Pope was Anti-Spanish

- Pope was in dispute with her husband, meaning she had to go against him

What problems did Mary's government come to regarding printing?

- Failed to recognise the importance of printing

- This meant that Protestants seized crucial Propaganda moments, and used this against Mary

What was the biggest issue with Mary's religious policies?

- She didn't live long enough for them to become wholly effective