WHAP vocab quiz

indigenous

indigenous

People who are the original inhabitants of a place or region, often with unique cultural practices, knowledge, and traditions passed down through generations.

Adverse

Acting against or in opposition to one's interests or goals; unfavorable or harmful in effect.

Columbian exchange

The widespread exchange of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas between the Americas and the Old World

Piety

Devotion and reverence towards a higher power or religious beliefs, often demonstrated through prayer, worship, and adherence to religious practices.

Intercession

The act of intervening on behalf of another person, typically in prayer or mediation.

Coincide

To occur at the same time or in the same place; to match up perfectly in terms of position or timing

Protestant Reformation

A 16th-century movement led by Martin Luther, aiming to reform the Roman Catholic Church, resulting in the establishment of Protestantism.

Renaissance

Period in Europe, 14th-17th century. Marked by renewed interest in art, science, and literature. Characterized by cultural rebirth and innovation.

Enlightenment

European intellectual movement emphasizing reason, individualism, and skepticism in the 17th-18th centuries, leading to cultural and scientific advancements.

Centralization

The process of consolidating power and decision-making at a central point, often in an organization or government structure.

Interposition

A psychological phenomenon where an object is perceived as being closer because it partially blocks another object.

Swahili City States

East African coastal trading cities that flourished from the 8th to 15th centuries, known for their trade networks and cultural exchange.

Abominable

causing moral revulsion

Afrikaner

A South African of European descent, primarily of Dutch, German, and French Huguenot heritage. Played a significant role in the country's history.

Perturb

To disturb or agitate someone's mind or feelings. It can also refer to making slight changes to a system or object.

Mulatto

people of mixed European and African descent

Mestizo

a person of mixed European (spanish) and Indigenous ancestry.

Diffusion

The spread of innovations, ideas, or products among individuals or groups through communication channels over time.

Casta System

A social hierarchy in India that categorizes individuals based on their birth and occupation, determining their social status and opportunities.

Kowtow Ritual

Traditional Chinese act of deep respect involving kneeling and touching the ground with the forehead as a gesture of submission or reverence.

King Alfonso 1

Played a major role in making kongo a Christian Kingdom

Stagnation

to a lack of growth or development, often resulting in a state of inactivity or sluggishness.

Gunpowder Empires

mughal, Ottoman, Safavid who used gunpowder to strengthen their empire

Inca

Indigenous people of the Andes in South America, known for their advanced civilization, including engineering feats like Machu Picchu.

Ming China

Chinese dynasty (1368-1644) known for cultural and economic achievements.

Opulent

Displaying great wealth and luxury, characterized by extravagance and abundance of riches or wealth.

Suleiman the Great

Suleiman the Great was the longest-reigning sultan of the Ottoman Empire, known for his military conquests, legal reforms, and cultural achievements.

Diplomat

A representative of a country who negotiates with other nations to maintain peaceful relationships and address international issues.

Precedence

the condition of being considered more important than someone or something else; the act of coming before in time or order.

Janissaries

ottoman soldiers created from christian boys

Encomienda

Spanish colonial labor system where indigenous people were forced to work for Spanish landowners.

Decentralized Government

the transfer of part of the powers of the central government to regional or local authorities.

Coercive

 using forces or threats

Indentured Servitude

a form of labor where an individual is under contract to work without a salary to repay an indenture or loan within a certain timeframe

Besiege

to surround with armed forces

Forlorn

sad and lonely because of isolation or desertion

Bourgeoisie

the middle class, typically with reference to its perceived materialistic values or conventional attitudes.

Tokuwaga Japan

(1603–1867), the final period of traditional Japan, a time of internal peace, political stability, and economic growth under the shogunate (military dictatorship) founded by Tokugawa Ieyasu.

Qing Dynasty

Last imperial dynasty of China (1644-1912), founded by the Manchus, known for expansion, prosperity, and eventual decline

Dogmatic

to follow a set of rules no matter what. The rules might be religious, philosophical, or made-up, but dogmatic people would never waver in their beliefs so don't even think of trying to change their minds

Mao Zedong

Chinese communist revolutionary, founding father of the People's Republic of China, and paramount leader from 1949 until his death in 1976.

Russian Revolution

Series of revolutions in Russia in 1917 leading to the overthrow of the Tsarist autocracy and the establishment of the Soviet Union

Industrial Revolution

Period of economic and technological change (late 18th-19th centuries) marked by the shift from agrarian to industrial economies.

Simon Bolivar

Venezuelan leader who played a key role in South American independence movements from Spanish rule in the early 19th century

Interposition

The act of intervening or coming between two parties to assert influence or control.

Social Darwinism

Ideology applying Darwinian evolutionary theory to human society, justifying social inequalities as natural.

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a political and military alliance formed in 1949 to counter Soviet influence during the Cold War.

Laissez-faire

Economic policy advocating minimal government intervention in the marketplace.

V.I. Lenin

Russian revolutionary and founder of the Soviet state.

Mercantilist

Economic policy emphasizing national wealth through exports and accumulation of precious metals.

Gorbachev

Last leader of the Soviet Union, known for reforms that led to the USSR's dissolution in 1991.

Joint-Stock Companies

Businesses owned by shareholders who share profits and losses.

Triple Entente

Alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia before WWI.

Zheng He

Chinese explorer who led voyages to Southeast Asia and Africa during the Ming Dynasty.

Brinkmanship

Diplomatic strategy pushing situations to the brink of war to achieve advantageous outcomes.

Imperial

Relating to an empire or its ruler.

Appeasement

Policy of making concessions to avoid conflict, often criticized for enabling aggression.

Virgin of Guadalupe

Catholic icon associated with a series of apparitions in Mexico

Korean War

Conflict (1950-1953) between North and South Korea with international involvement

Vodun

West African religion with a belief in a supreme creator and spirits.

Fidel Castro

Cuban revolutionary leader and communist dictator.

Iconoclastic

Attacking or rejecting established beliefs or institutions.

Containment

Cold War policy to stop the spread of communism.

Millet Communities

Autonomous religious communities within the Ottoman Empire.

Colloquial

Informal language specific to a region or group.

Council of Trent

Catholic Church council addressing church reform and doctrine in the 16th century.

Benevolence

Kindness or generosity.

Glorious Revolution

English overthrow of James II in 1688.

Sovereign

Supreme ruler or authority.

Peninsulares

Spanish-born residents of Spanish colonies.

Deism

Belief in a creator but rejection of religious doctrines.

Creoles

fully spanish born in america

inept

lacking skill of ability

Central Powers

WWI alliance including Germany, Austria-Hungary, and others.

Black Death

Devastating 14th-century pandemic.

Treaty of Tordesillas

Treaty dividing newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal.

Haitian Revolution

Successful slave rebellion leading to Haiti's independence.

iconoclastic

challenging or rejecting established beliefs or practices, especially in religion or culture.

Congress of Vienna

The Congress of Vienna was a diplomatic conference in 1814-1815 aimed at restoring stability in Europe after the Napoleonic Wars

Magna Carta

a charter of rights agreed to by King John of England in 1215, limiting the power of the monarchy and establishing certain legal rights for English nobles and citizens.

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

a document adopted during the French Revolution in 1789, asserting the principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity as universal rights for all citizens.

Communist Manifesto

a political pamphlet written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848, outlining the principles of communism and calling for the overthrow of capitalist systems.

Tanzimat Reform

a series of Ottoman reforms implemented in the mid-19th century, aiming to modernize and centralize the empire and promote equality and justice for all citizens.

Berlin Conference

a meeting of European powers held in 1884-1885 to regulate colonization and trade in Africa, resulting in the partitioning of Africa among European colonial powers.

Luddites

19th-century English textile workers who protested against the introduction of labor-saving machinery, fearing it would reduce their employment opportunities and lower wages.

Sepoy Rebellion

a major uprising against British rule in India from 1857 to 1858, triggered by various grievances including cultural insensitivity and economic exploitation.

White Man’s Burden

a concept popularized during the 19th and early 20th centuries, suggesting that it was the duty of white colonizers to "civilize" and uplift non-white societies, often used to justify imperialism.

Monroe Doctrine

a U.S. policy made by President James Monroe in 1832 stating that European powers should not interfere or colonize in the Americas, while also cautioning against any attempts by European nations to expand their influence in the Western Hemisphere.

Roosevelt Corollary

an addition to the Monroe Doctrine proposed by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1904, asserting the right of the United States to intervene in Latin American countries to maintain stability and protect American interests.

Socialism

a system where the government or collective owns and controls resources and industries, aiming for fair distribution of wealth.

Nationalism

a strong loyalty and pride in one's nation or ethnic group, often seeking independence and promoting its interests.

Meiji Restoration

period in Japanese history from 1868 to 1912, characterized by the restoration of imperial rule, rapid modernization, and Westernization of Japanese society and institutions.

Seven Years’ War

a global conflict fought from 1756 to 1763, involving major European powers and their colonies, primarily over territorial disputes and colonial dominance.

Liberalism

a political and economic ideology that emphasizes individual rights, freedom, equality before the law, and limited government intervention in the economy.