Globalisation

What is globalisation?

The process by which the world becomes more interconnected through the exchange of goods, services, information, and culture.

What technological advancement has significantly contributed to globalisation since 1994?

The rise of the internet and digital communication.

How have advancements in banking facilitated globalisation?

They have made it easier to conduct global business through online payments and international money transfers.

What transport improvements have aided global trade since the 1980s?

Faster ships, planes, and trucks have made it easier and quicker to move goods internationally.

What is urbanisation?

The increase in the population of towns and cities, often due to people moving from rural areas.

What key sector growth in developed countries has attracted people to cities?

The growth of the services sector, especially in finance, banking, and technology.

What is counter-urbanisation?

The movement of some people from cities to the countryside, leading to the development of rural areas.

What does gentrification refer to in urban contexts?

The refurbishment of old, run-down city areas, attracting wealthier residents and increasing property prices.

What are the characteristics of urbanisation in developing countries?

Rapid city growth due to cheap labour, unplanned development, and pronounced social and economic inequalities.

What role do Multinational Companies (MNCs) play in globalisation?

They set up operations around the world, encouraging global trade and investment.

What is one advantage of MNCs in developing countries?

They provide employment and income, such as Samsung employing thousands in Vietnam.

How do MNCs contribute to local economies?

They pay taxes that fund improvements in infrastructure and public services.

What is a disadvantage of MNCs regarding worker conditions?

Wages are often low, with long hours and poor working conditions e.g. SHEIN workers

What issue arises from MNCs receiving special privileges?

Concerns that they may receive favorable treatment over local communities, such as mining companies in Zambia.

How can MNCs impact job security?

They can relocate easily if they find better conditions elsewhere, leading to job losses in the original location.

What type of jobs do many MNCs offer, and what is their vulnerability?

Many jobs are low-skilled and vulnerable during economic downturns, like call centre jobs in India during recessions.

What has been a significant effect of globalisation on education in developing countries?

Increased job opportunities have driven educational improvements, leading more people to pursue education.

What is regeneration in the context of urbanisation?

The redesign of old social housing areas to improve living conditions and reduce issues like unemployment.

What is the impact of urbanisation on infrastructure services in developing countries?

Infrastructure services like water and sewage are often lacking, contributing to poor living conditions.