Immunization and Immune Testing Flashcards - ch 14

Flashcards about Immunization and Immune Testing

Acquired Immunity

Immunity acquired through normal life experiences or medical procedures (immunization).

Natural Immunity

Acquired immunity through normal life experiences, not induced through medical means.

Artificial Immunity

Immunity produced purposefully through medical procedures (immunization).

Active Immunity

Immunity developed as a consequence of a person's own immune response to a microbe (same as vaccination).

Passive Immunity

Immunity resulting from receiving preformed immunity made by another person.

ex. mother to newborn

Vaccination

The process of inducing active immunity to protect against disease.

Variolation

An early method to prevent smallpox.

Edward Jenner

Developed the vaccine for smallpox.

Vaccinia virus

Cow pox virus used in smallpox vaccine.

Attenuated vaccines

Vaccines with reduced virulence; pathogen no longer causes disease (Modified, weakened Live vaccine).

Inactivated vaccines

Vaccines made from infectious agents that have been inactivated or killed.

Toxoid

A type of inactivated vaccine using inactivated toxins.

ex. tetanusand diphtheria to induce immunity.

Subunit vaccine

A type of inactivated vaccine using only parts of the infectious agent.

ex. Hep. B

Conjugated vaccine

A type of inactivated vaccine that links polysaccharides to proteins.

ex. prevnar

Adjuvant

Substance mixed with a vaccine to enhance the immune response (e.g., Alum).

additive added to vaccine to jumpstart vaccine

Monoclonal Antibodies (mAbs)

Antibodies that are all exact clones of each other, binding to the same epitope of the same antigen.

Hybridomas

Immortal B cells created by fusing a B cell to a myeloma cell, used to produce monoclonal antibodies.

Antibody titer

Measurement of antibody produced for a particular epitope.

Serial Dilution

Method to measure antibody titer.

Rising titer

A second blood sample has more antibody than the first blood sample.

Seroconversion

Change in titer from zero antibody before illness to significant titer while disease progresses.

Precipitation Reactions

Involve soluble antigens and require IgM- or IgG- class antibodies.

detects: Ag in pt. sample and Ab in serum sample

ELISA

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; used to detect antigens or antibodies in a sample.

Direct ELISA

Detects antigen in a patient sample using known antibody.

Indirect ELISA

Detects antibodies in a sera sample using known antigen.