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24 Terms
1
trust relationship
obligation of federal government to protect self-government, land preservation & property
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2
Native regional corporation models
1\. Turning rights of land over to native corporations in exchange for statehood & money
2\. Retaining rights & culture
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3
How is Savoonga in a better position than Shaktoolik to adapt to Climate Change because of their land claims?
Shaktoolik can’t necessarily just move because they need state approval and funding. Savoonga can.
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4
Treaty era (1778-1820)
defined relation of natives to government
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5
Trade and intercourse act (1790)
defined Indian and non-Indian as different people
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6
Article I constitution
congress has power to regulate commerce with states/tribes & power to make rules in captured land/water (managing affairs
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7
Article II constitution
president may make treaties with tribes
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8
Article VI constitution
treaties are the supreme law of the land
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9
How do articles II & VI of the constitution impact climate change adaptation?
what tribes can do is dictated by the federal government, not states – there is no federal adaptation agency
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10
Removal Era (1820-1850)
removal for western expansion - Supreme Court decisions
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11
Johnson v. McIntosh (1823)
Native people cannot sell their land, must manage through congress discovery doctrine says there were no people here
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12
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831)
“Nations within a nation” Trust responsibility: healthcare, education, rights upheld, payments
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13
How does the trust responsibility impact adaptation
the government never upholds the social services promised
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14
Worcester v Georgia (1832)
- Reaffirming quasisovereign rights of tribes & recognized many treaties were violated - Treaties must be interpreted in favor of tribes as tribes understand them
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15
Reservation Era (1850-1887)
dependency on government deepened
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16
The Allotment Era (1887-1934)
purging of culture through integration
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17
1942 Indian citizenship Act
more vulnerable - decreased resiliency because loss of indigenous knowledge & identity
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18
Self-Government era (1934-1953)
New Deal- economic resilience & social transformation
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19
1934 Indian Reorganization Act
tribal council formation
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20
Termination Era (1953-1968)
Full cultural assimilation
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21
Self-determination era (1968-present)
native pride - relearn old ways
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22
1971 Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA)
Divided 2.4 billion acres of Alaska to federal, state, and tribes. Difference between access and ownership
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23
1980 Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA)
Subsistence rights & grants natives access to public lands with shared management with the government
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