Ochem things to memorize

Alkane

single bonded carbons and hydrogens

Alkene

1 double carbon bond, no other functional groups

Alkyne

triple carbon bond, no other functional groups

Aromatic

hexagon carbons, alternating double bonds

Phenol

aromatic with an OH group

Alkyl Halide

R-F, R-Cl, R-Br, R-I

alcohol

R-OH

Ether

R-O-R

Amine

Thiol

R-SH

Sulfide

R-S-R

Disulfide

R-S-S-R

Aldehyde

Ketone

Carbonyl

Carboxylic acid

Ester

Amide

Acid chloride

Primary

secondary

tertiery

quatrinary

Electrophile

Lewis acid that accepts electrons

Nucleophile

lewis acid that donates electrons

Ka

Base/Acid, 10^(-pKa)

pKa

-logKa

-10

pKa?

-9

pKa?

-8

pKa?

4

pKa?

5

pKa?

10

pKa?

10

pKa?

10

pKa?

10

pKa?

15

pKa?

16

pKa?

17

pKa?

18

pKa?

23

pKa?

35

pKa?

36

pKa?

36

pKa?

36

pKa?

42

pKa?

42

pKa?

50

pKa?

Isomer

Same atoms, different arrangement

resonance

Same atoms, same arrangement, different charges or bonds

Dichloromethane

CH2Cl2

Diethyl ether

Et2O 

Methanol

CH3OH

Ethanol

CH3CH2OH

Water

H2O

Acetone

Acetonitrile

CH3CN

Tetrahydrofuran

THF

Dimethylformamide

DMF 

Dimethylsulfoxide

DMSO

Hexamethylphosphorictriamide

HMPA

DMSO

THF

Acetonitrile

DMF

HMPA

Protic

Favors sn1, e-1 reactions, has an -OH group, unimolecular

Aprotic

Favors sn2, e-2 reactions, bimolecular

tBuO-

tert-butoxide

oxirane

1°

What NEVER undergo sn1 or E1 because it is too high in energy? and mostly undergo SN2

Always undergoes E2 regardless of solvent or carbon attatchments (unless primary carbon then ONLY bulky bases)

Bulky bases (and generally strong bases)

3°

NEVER undergoes Sn-2

Alkene product is monosubstituted

Sn1 is favored in protic solvents over E1 in 2° and 3° when the

alkene product is more than monosubstituted

E1 is favored in protic solvents over sn1 in 2° and 3° when

weak base

CH3CO2-

weak base

CN-

weak base

N3-

weak base

SH-

strong base

CH3O

strong base

CH3CH2O-

strong base

tBuO-

strong base

R-

strong base

NH2-

pyridine

SN2

SOCl2 or PBr3 in pyridine

E2

POCL3 in pyridine