Q 10

the pH of acids are….

less than 7

the pH of bases are….

greater than 7

the pH of pure water is ____ when the temp is 25 degrees celsius

7

acids donate….

[H+]

bases accept….

[H+]

the hydronic ions is….

H3O+

[H+] is a…..

proton

strong acids

SO4, I, Br, NO3, Cl, ClO4

strong bases

group 1 and 2 hydroxides

some Group 2 hydroxides are only ____, but whatever dissolves can completely ____

slightly soluble, ionize

____, ____, and ____ ions are also strong bases that produce OH- in water

hydride (H-), oxide (O-2), nitride (N-3)

pH =

-log[H+]

[H+]=

10^-pH

the stronger the acid, the weaker its….

conjugate base

acid-base reactions favor the direction of the ____ to the ____

strong side, weak side

if K>1, then the….

reactants are stronger

the shortcut for [H+] is….

square root of MaKa

the shortcut for [H+] only works if “x” is ____ compared to Ma

really small

don’t use the [H+] shortcut if you are given the ____ and you are asked to solve for ____

pH of the solution, Ka

“x” in the ICE box calculation is ____ for a weak acid and ____ for a weak base

[H+], [OH-]

percent ionization of a weak acid

[H+]/Ma

percent ionization increases as the _____ decreases

acid concentration

adding more water will _____ the amount of ionization

increase

if a salt contains a conjugate base of a weak acid, the salt is going to be…..

slightly basic (CBOWA’s are negative ions)

if a sale contains a conjugate acid of a weak base, the salt is going to be…..

slightly acidic (CAOWB’s are positive ions)

if a salt contains conjugates of strong acids/bases, the ion is….

neutral (KBr)

a larger Ka value means a….

stronger acid

a larger Kb means a…..

stronger base

relative strengths of acids: (a)

smaller cations are more acidic

relative strengths of acids: (b)

more positive charge on the cation makes it more acidic

relative strengths of acids: (c)

more oxygens (or electronegative atoms) on an anion makes it more acidic since the proton is more ionizable