Module 1 Applied Dendrology

Common names

Used in everyday language

Scientific names

Latin or Latinized; used for scientific purposes

Scientific nomenclature

Binomial system of naming species developed by Linnaeus, which consists of the name of the genus, specific epithet, and authority.

Name some advantages of common names

1.) Often descriptive

2.) Easy to pronounce

3.) Easy to remember

4.) More familiar to people

5.) more pleasing to hear

6.) plain fun

Name some disadvantages to common names

1.) no rhyme or reason

2.) are applied indiscriminately

3.) are not specific

4.) may not exist for some plants

5.) may conflict with language barriers

6.) may be botanically incorrect

7.) may be dangerous

Rule book for botanical nomenclature

International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN)

Nomenclatural or homotypic synonym

different names based on the same type (see below) specimen.

These synonyms exists because botanists examining the same the specimens disagree over naming.

taxonomic or heterotypic synonym

different names based on different type specimens. These

synonyms exist because botanists examined different specimens of the same plant and devised names

without knowledge of the other botanist.

homonym

two or more identical names based on different types (i.e., using the same name for different

plants)

_____ name per plant

one

any additional names are _____ which must be rejected

synonyms

Binomial

Two names

Generic Name

Genus name

Specific epithet

Second part of scientific name

Linnaeus wrote

Species Plantarum (1753)

_____ refers to the original author of a name after it has been changed by someone else

Parenthetical authority

_____ refers to the author after changing; ie. the second author

Combining authority

Basionym

The original scientific name of a species on which the new name is based

Diagnosis

when a plant is named and described in Latin and the author's native tounge

Name some rules to when a plant is named

a.) described in Latin and the author's native tongue

b.) validly published in a scientific journal

c.) a type specimen must be designated

d.) the name must be registered

Priniciple of priority

the oldest, validly publishled name

Holotype

The specimen that serves as the reference

What must happen if a type specimen is absent

An isotype must be appointed to replace it

Name the hierarchy/taxonomic rank

Kingdom - Plantae

Division - ophyta

Class - opsida

Family - aceae

Genus

Species

King David cried "Oh, for goodness sake".

Kingdom, Division, Class, Family, Genus, Species

Tautonyms

A name in which the specific epithet and generic name are the same

What are the two rules to pronouncing scientific names

1.) Don't accent any syllable

2.) Pronounce each letter

Generic (Genus) Names typically

a.) singular nouns

b.) often descriptive

c.) may be derived from other cultures/languages

d.) commemorate a person or place

spp

more than one species in the genus

sp

one species where the specific species is not designated

Specific epithet typically

an adjective that agrees in number and gender with the generic name

Gymnosperm

A seed producing plant

Name some characteristics of gymnosperms

a.) do not produce flowers

b.) naked seeds

c.) pollinated by wind

d.) form cones with reproductive structures