BIO appendicular skeleton & joints

scapula

“shoulder blade”

clavicle

“collar bone”, flat end & round end

humerus

upper arm bone, proximal & distal end

radius

forearm bone on thumb side

ulna

forearm bone on pinky side, bottle opener

carpal bone

wrist bones

metacarpal

immediate hand bones

phalanges of hand

finger bones, 3 in each finger except for thumb

coxal bone

fused ilium, ischium, & pubis

pelvis

The bones between the lower abdomen and upper thighs that connect the spine to the legs

pubis symphysis

cartilaginous joint

femur

thigh bone

patella

knee cap, bone that articulates with the femur, covers & protects the knee joint

tibia

shin bone, medial leg bone

fibula

lateral leg bone

tarsal bones

ankle bones

calcaneus

heel bone

metatarsal

intermediate foot bones

phalanges of foot

toe bone

fibrous joint

ex: suture, bones held together by fibrous connective tissue

cartilaginous joint

ex: symphysis, bones held together by cartilage, some movement

synovial joint

ex: hinge joint, synovial cavity, joint capsule, synovial fluid, lot of movement

articular cartilage

smooth cartilage found at the ends of bones, to reduce friction

joint capsule

connective tissue that surrounds the joint

synovial membrane

lining of synovial cavity, secretes synovial fluid

synovial fluid

yolk-like fluid helps reduce friction between cartilage

medial meniscus

disk of fibrocartilage, between femur & tibia

lateral meniscus

a C-shaped piece of cartilage in the knee that cushions the joint and helps stabilize it

medial collateral ligament

connects femur & tibia, medial side of knee

lateral collateral ligament

connects femur & fibula, lateral side of knee

anterior cruciate ligament

front most ligament, attaches femur to tibia

posteriot cruciate ligament

backmost ligament, attaches femur to tibia

flexion

bending movement that decreases the angle, between 2 parts

extension

straightening movement that increase the angle between body part

abduction

movement of a body part away from the midline

adduction

movement of a body part toward the midline

plantar flexion

pointed toes