Cell Biology

What are Lysosomes and their functions

Break down pathogens or old cells using enzymes

What are centrioles and their function

Spindals are produced to form nucleus

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Many ribosomes as it produces proteins, have embedded ribosomes

what are mitochondria and their function

Site of aerobic reparation to provide ATP

What is the cell membrane and their function

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

what are vesicles and their function

Carry substances to the golgi apparatus (transport capsule)

what is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Makes lipids, lipidsynthesis and processing

What is the nuclear envelope and its function

Protects what’s in the nucleus

Controlled what enters and leaves the nucleus

What is a nucleolus

Makes ribosomes

What is nuclear pore and its function

Allow protein+ribosomes to leave

What is golgi apparatus and its function

Takes produced proteins and attached to other things to make structure and lysosomes

What are the free ribosomes and their function

Site of photosynthesis, translate MRNA out of cell

what are all the organelles in a plant cell

Mitochondria, vacuole-store sugars and amino acids and provide support, cell wall- provide structural support, cell membrane, chloroplast, nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus

What is organelle structure of a chloroplast

Outer membrane, inner membrane, thylakoids-contain chlorophyll-DNA to code for for enzymes needed in ribosomes-stick to produce granum, granum (gramra)

What links the granum pillars

Lamella

What are the organelles in the mitochondria

Movement cells require lots of mitochondria, cristae, outer membrane, inner membrane, matrix

what is the organelles of the RER

ribosomes, membrane

What organelles are present on a prokaryotic cell

cell membrane, DNA, capsule, cell wall, flagellum, cytoplasm, plasmids, ribosomes, mesosomes

What is the role of the capsule

Prevents loss of water, protects cells from antibiotics and viruses

What’s significant about the ribosomes in prokaryotic cells

They are smaller (70s not 80s)

What is the role of the DNA in prokaryotes

in a singular loop not associated with proteins (doesn’t form chromosome)

What is the role of the plasmid

small loops of DNA which can be shared between cells usually contain useful genes

What is the role of the cell wall in a prokaryote

made of meurin (peptodoglycon) provide structure and support

What is the role of the flagellum

locomotion, rotation at the base

What is the role of the mesosome

increased SA for respiration or photosynthesis to take place

What’s key about binary fission in prokaryotes

DNA and plasmids replicate not the chromosomes

Explain fungi

It is similar to plant cells except there’s no chloroplasts and their cell wall is made of chitin, they are eukaryotic

Explain viruses

they aren’t prokaryotic or eukaryotic, they are acellular so require a host, 1000x smaller than bacteria

List all the sizes of microorganisms

prokaryote-1-5um, animal cell-10-30um, plant cell-10-100um, fungi-5-10um, virus-20-300um

Explain the organelle of viruses

They consist of RNA, capsid to protect RNA. or lipid envelope, the capsid or lipid envelope will have proteins/antigens to attach to a host

Explain how a virus is transmitted

virus detects host by its protein marker, virus injects genetic material, cell reproduces the genetic material, virus then leaves the cell

List all parts of the microscope

Eyepiece lens, objective lens, stage, lamp, base, coarse and knob focus, eyepiece lens magnification, objective lens magnification