biology chapter 6 - inheritance, variation and evolution

What does DNA stand for and what is it?

Deoxyribonucleic acid, a long polymer

What is the primary function of DNA?

Contains coded information on how to put an organism together and make it work.

What determines inherited characteristics in an organism?

The information contained in their DNA - genes

What structure is DNA known for?

Double helix.

Where is DNA found in the cell?

In the nucleus, in long structures called chromosomes.

What are genes?

Small sections of DNA found on a chromosome.

What do genes code for?

Specific amino acids, which create specific proteins.

How many amino acids are used in protein synthesis?

20 amino acids.

What determines the type of cell produced by specific proteins?

The proteins made by the cells.

What is the genome?

The entire set of genetic material in an organism.

What does sexual reproduction involve?

Gametes (sperm and egg) from two parents.

What is the outcome of sexual reproduction?

Genetic variation in offspring.

What is a characteristic of asexual reproduction?

Clones are genetically identical and produced by one parent.

What is meiosis?

The process that produces gametes.

What does meiosis result in?

Four gametes with a single set of chromosomes.

What is the significance of the 23rd pair of chromosomes?

They determine an individual's sex.

What combination of chromosomes results in a male?

XY chromosomes.

What combination of chromosomes results in a female?

XX chromosomes.

What is a homozygous trait?

Having two identical alleles for a trait.

What is a heterozygous trait?

Having two different alleles for a trait.

What is cystic fibrosis caused by?

A recessive allele.

What does polydactyly result from?

A dominant allele.

What is variation in a species?

The differences in characteristics.

What causes environmental variation?

Influences from the environment affecting traits.

What is an example of a genetic disorder that can result from a mutation?

Cystic fibrosis.

What is selective breeding?

Humans selectively breed plants or animals for desired characteristics.

What is a potential issue with selective breeding?

Reduction in the gene pool, leading to harmful genetic diseases.

What are fossils?

Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms, providing insights into the history of life on Earth.

What is selective breeding?

Selective breeding is the process of choosing specific organisms to breed based on desired traits, enhancing those traits in future generations.

What is evolution?

Evolution is the process by which species change over time through variations and natural selection.

What are antibiotic-resistant bacteria?

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are strains of bacteria that have developed the ability to survive exposure to one or more antibiotics, making infections harder to treat.

What is the classification system in biology?

The classification system organizes living organisms into hierarchical categories based on shared characteristics, including domains, kingdoms, phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species.

who came up with the 3 domain system?

carl woese, due to developements in microscopes and understanding of biochemical differences

who came up with the classification system?

carl linneasus

what are the 3 domains?

archea - primitve bacteria

bacteria - true bacteria

eukaryota - fungi, animals, plants, protists