DHC - CH 4

Aging Population Growth

Expected to grow by almost 50% from 2016 to 2030.

Demands Change

Population growth of the older population will change demands for health care, social services, and caregiving in the US.

Services Required with Aging Population

More services for treatment and management of chronic and acute health conditions and disabilities.

Overall Aging Reason

Increasing life expectancy and decreasing fertility.

Chronic Diseases

Conditions that last 1 year or more, require ongoing medical attention, and limit daily activities.

Americans Living Longer

Due to more effective diagnosis and treatment for heart disease and cancer.

Common Chronic Diseases in Older Adults

Arthritis, stroke, diabetes, chronic lower respiratory diseases, and dementia.

Loss of Functional Ability

Includes limitations in vision, hearing, mobility, communication, cognition, and self-care.

Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs)

Managing money, shopping, preparing meals, and taking prescribed medications.

Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)

Basic skills required for self-care such as eating, bathing, and mobility.

Most Common Disability (65-74 age group)

Mobility impairment.

Second Most Common Disability (65-74 age group)

Difficulty hearing.

Debilitating Conditions for Older Adults

Stroke and dementia.

Most Common Cause of Dementia

Alzheimer’s disease.

Stroke Common Population

More common in women, minorities, and those over 85 years of age.

Leading Cause of Long-term Disability

Stroke, due to potential paralysis.

Dementia Definition

Decline in cognitive function affecting memory, language, and problem-solving.

Early Symptoms of Alzheimer’s

Difficulty remembering names and events.

Later Symptoms of Alzheimer’s

Disorientation, confusion, and personality changes.

Later Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease

Inability to complete ADLs and difficulty requiring full-time care.

Alzheimer’s Prevalence

1 in 10 people age 65 and older; 1 in 3 age 85 and older.

Caregiving Definition

Attending to another person’s health needs, assisting with ADLs and IADLs.

Medicare-Covered Benefits

Applied to the treatment of acute illnesses requiring hospitalization or home health care.

Four Parts of Medicare

Part A, B, C, and D.

Medicare Part A Description

Hospital insurance automatically provided to elderly beneficiaries.

Medicare Part B Description

Voluntary supplemental medical insurance.

Medicare Supplemental Health Insurance

Private Medigap insurance covering deductibles and copayments.

Medicare Part C Description

Optional supplemental hospital and medical insurance.

Medicare Part D Description

Optional medication insurance for prescriptions.

Medicare Part A Coverage

Covers hospital expenses minus a deductible for first 60 days.

Medicare Part B Coverage

Covers 80% of outpatient services and preventive screenings.

Medicare Part C Alternative Name

Medicare Advantage.

Medicare Advantage Coverage

Includes all of Part A and Part B; often Part D as well.

Medicare Advantage Structure

Follows a managed care organization (MCO) model.

Medicaid Coverage for Dual Eligible

Covers a broader range of services not provided by Medicare.

Medicaid Spousal Impoverishment Provisions

Protects resources for the spouse living in the community.

Long-term Health Care Definition

Assistance for individuals unable to complete ADLs due to impairment.

Preadmission Screening and Resident Review

A federal requirement to prevent inappropriate nursing home placements.

Intermediate Care Facilities for ID

Facilities providing active treatment for intellectual disabilities.

Inpatient Psychiatric Services Definition

Comprehensive treatment for children and adolescents with mental illness.

Institution for Mental Diseases Services

Supports older adults with mental or intellectual disabilities.

Types of Nursing Facility Services

Skilled nursing, rehabilitation, and long-term care services.

Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF) Definition

Nursing homes providing care closest to hospital care.

Nursing Home Standards Responsibility

Federal government through CMS and individual states.

Privately Funded Long-Term Care Providers

Adult care facilities, residential care communities, and hospice.

Residential Care Communities Definition

Non-medical facilities offering rooms, meals, and assistance with ADLs.

Continuing Care Community Definition

Allows movement from independent to assisted living on the same campus.

Home Health Agencies Services

Offers nursing, medical care, and therapies in patients' homes.

Hospice Definition

Care for dying individuals addressing pain and emotional support.

Adult Day Care Services Definition

Community-based group care used to complement home services.

Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE)

Integrated care model providing comprehensive services for older adults.

Aging Network Definition

System of entities supporting older Americans in independent living.

Components of Aging Network

Includes AOA, state aging units, and Title VI Native American aging programs.

Senior Centers Offer

Noon meals and various social, wellness, educational, and recreational programs.

Limited Health Literacy Impact

Leads to medical errors and affects all socioeconomic groups, particularly the elderly.

Individual Impact of Low Literacy Skills

Associated with more frequent medical errors and disability.

Geriatrician Definition

Primary care physicians specializing in care for older adults.

Interprofessional Education (IPE) Definition

Education for students in health professions to collaborate in patient care.