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Aging Population Growth
Expected to grow by almost 50% from 2016 to 2030.
Demands Change
Population growth of the older population will change demands for health care, social services, and caregiving in the US.
Services Required with Aging Population
More services for treatment and management of chronic and acute health conditions and disabilities.
Overall Aging Reason
Increasing life expectancy and decreasing fertility.
Chronic Diseases
Conditions that last 1 year or more, require ongoing medical attention, and limit daily activities.
Americans Living Longer
Due to more effective diagnosis and treatment for heart disease and cancer.
Common Chronic Diseases in Older Adults
Arthritis, stroke, diabetes, chronic lower respiratory diseases, and dementia.
Loss of Functional Ability
Includes limitations in vision, hearing, mobility, communication, cognition, and self-care.
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs)
Managing money, shopping, preparing meals, and taking prescribed medications.
Activities of Daily Living (ADLs)
Basic skills required for self-care such as eating, bathing, and mobility.
Most Common Disability (65-74 age group)
Mobility impairment.
Second Most Common Disability (65-74 age group)
Difficulty hearing.
Debilitating Conditions for Older Adults
Stroke and dementia.
Most Common Cause of Dementia
Alzheimer’s disease.
Stroke Common Population
More common in women, minorities, and those over 85 years of age.
Leading Cause of Long-term Disability
Stroke, due to potential paralysis.
Dementia Definition
Decline in cognitive function affecting memory, language, and problem-solving.
Early Symptoms of Alzheimer’s
Difficulty remembering names and events.
Later Symptoms of Alzheimer’s
Disorientation, confusion, and personality changes.
Later Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease
Inability to complete ADLs and difficulty requiring full-time care.
Alzheimer’s Prevalence
1 in 10 people age 65 and older; 1 in 3 age 85 and older.
Caregiving Definition
Attending to another person’s health needs, assisting with ADLs and IADLs.
Medicare-Covered Benefits
Applied to the treatment of acute illnesses requiring hospitalization or home health care.
Four Parts of Medicare
Part A, B, C, and D.
Medicare Part A Description
Hospital insurance automatically provided to elderly beneficiaries.
Medicare Part B Description
Voluntary supplemental medical insurance.
Medicare Supplemental Health Insurance
Private Medigap insurance covering deductibles and copayments.
Medicare Part C Description
Optional supplemental hospital and medical insurance.
Medicare Part D Description
Optional medication insurance for prescriptions.
Medicare Part A Coverage
Covers hospital expenses minus a deductible for first 60 days.
Medicare Part B Coverage
Covers 80% of outpatient services and preventive screenings.
Medicare Part C Alternative Name
Medicare Advantage.
Medicare Advantage Coverage
Includes all of Part A and Part B; often Part D as well.
Medicare Advantage Structure
Follows a managed care organization (MCO) model.
Medicaid Coverage for Dual Eligible
Covers a broader range of services not provided by Medicare.
Medicaid Spousal Impoverishment Provisions
Protects resources for the spouse living in the community.
Long-term Health Care Definition
Assistance for individuals unable to complete ADLs due to impairment.
Preadmission Screening and Resident Review
A federal requirement to prevent inappropriate nursing home placements.
Intermediate Care Facilities for ID
Facilities providing active treatment for intellectual disabilities.
Inpatient Psychiatric Services Definition
Comprehensive treatment for children and adolescents with mental illness.
Institution for Mental Diseases Services
Supports older adults with mental or intellectual disabilities.
Types of Nursing Facility Services
Skilled nursing, rehabilitation, and long-term care services.
Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF) Definition
Nursing homes providing care closest to hospital care.
Nursing Home Standards Responsibility
Federal government through CMS and individual states.
Privately Funded Long-Term Care Providers
Adult care facilities, residential care communities, and hospice.
Residential Care Communities Definition
Non-medical facilities offering rooms, meals, and assistance with ADLs.
Continuing Care Community Definition
Allows movement from independent to assisted living on the same campus.
Home Health Agencies Services
Offers nursing, medical care, and therapies in patients' homes.
Hospice Definition
Care for dying individuals addressing pain and emotional support.
Adult Day Care Services Definition
Community-based group care used to complement home services.
Program of All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE)
Integrated care model providing comprehensive services for older adults.
Aging Network Definition
System of entities supporting older Americans in independent living.
Components of Aging Network
Includes AOA, state aging units, and Title VI Native American aging programs.
Senior Centers Offer
Noon meals and various social, wellness, educational, and recreational programs.
Limited Health Literacy Impact
Leads to medical errors and affects all socioeconomic groups, particularly the elderly.
Individual Impact of Low Literacy Skills
Associated with more frequent medical errors and disability.
Geriatrician Definition
Primary care physicians specializing in care for older adults.
Interprofessional Education (IPE) Definition
Education for students in health professions to collaborate in patient care.
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