Blood Bank Unit 3 (Chapters 8 and 9) Review Flashcards

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering blood bank antibody identification, DAT procedures, elution, and crossmatching protocols based on the Unit 3 review sheet.

Positive Antibody Screen Investigation First Step

Check the patients transfusion and pregnancy history

Enzyme-enhanced Antibodies

Rh, Kidd and Lewis

Agglutination Phase Significance

Indicates the class of the antibody

Low-incidence Antibodies

Anti-Cw, anti-Wra, anti-V, anti-Cob, anti-Bga, anti-Kpa, and anti-Lua antibodies

Typical Cold Autoantibodies

anti-I, anti-H, and anti-IH

Most Common Cold Alloantibody

Anti-P1, anti-M, and anti-N

Statistical Significance Rule for Antibody Confirmation

Requires $3$ positive results and $3$ negative results

Antibody Screen Purpose

To detect clinically significant antibodies

Dosage Effect

Blood group antibodies react stronger with red cells of individuals who inherited $2$ identical alleles for the antigen.

Negative Screen with Noncompatible Crossmatches

Indicates the patient probably has an antibody to a low frequency antigen

Methods to Enhance Weak IgG Reactions

Repeating the panel/screen with PEG or Albumin; increasing serum to cell ratio; washing reagent cells; using fresher panel cells or patient sample.

Enzyme-destroyed Antibodies

Duffy ($Fy^aFy^b$) and MNS

IgM Antibodies Reacting at $37^\text{C}$

MN, Lewis, and P1

High Frequency Antigens

k, Kpb, Jsb, Lub

Antigen typing the patient

The last step needed before finding compatible red cells after identifying an antibody and performing a DAT.

Check Cells Purpose

Ensures that AHG reagent was added to each negative test and that the washing procedure was done properly.

Indirect Antiglobulin Test (IAT) Uses

Antibody detection (screening and panel) and some Antigen Typing

Polyspecific AHG Reagent Components

Contains BOTH Anti-IgG and Anti-C3b

DTT Effect

Destroys the Kell family antigens, including K, k, Kpa, Kpb, Jsa, Jsb

High-titer, Low-avidity Antibodies

Antibodies that react with antigens of high frequency in the population

Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT) Purpose

To detect antibodies attached to patients red blood cells in vivo

WAIHA (Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia) DAT

The DAT is positive for IgG and C3b

Elution

A technique that dissociates IgG antibodies from red cells for identification; it removes intact antibodies from the red cell membrane.

Auto Adsorption

A procedure that removes antibody from serum or plasma using individuals own red cells; it is NOT acceptable for recently transfused patients.

Elution Types

Acid elution, organic solvent elution, heat elution, and Lui-freeze thaw

Serological Crossmatch Detection

Detects an incompatibility between donor RBCs and recipient serum

Compatibility Testing Components

Blood typing of recipient, antibody screening of recipient, and crossmatching of donor blood and recipient serum

Specimen Validity Duration

Blood can be used for $3$ days or $72$ hours for pregnant mothers or recently transfused patients.

Recently Transfused Definition

A person who has received blood within the last $3$ months ($120$ days).

IS (Immediate Spin) Crossmatch Detection

Detects ABO antibodies

AHG Crossmatch

The type of crossmatch performed for a patient with a history of an antibody like anti-Fya.

Massive Transfusion

When the total volume of blood is exchanged within $24$ hours.

Crossmatch Tag Requirements

Pts full name, ID number, name of product, donor number, expiration date, ABO/RH of unit, interpretation of XM, and ID of person testing.

Emergency Release Requirement

Requires the physicians signature to authorize the release of the unit.