APGOPO Supreme Court Case Review Flashcards

Flashcards for reviewing key Supreme Court cases and their impact.

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Maryland tried to tax the Second Bank of the United States; the Supreme Court established the principle of implied powers, strengthening federal authority over states.

United States v. Lopez (1995)

A student brought a gun to school; the court limited the federal government’s power under the Commerce Clause, shifting power toward the states.

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

A New York school mandated a nondenominational prayer; the court ruled mandatory prayer in public schools violates the establishment clause.

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

Amish parents refused to send their children to school past eighth grade; the court upheld the parent’s right to pull their children out of school due to religious beliefs.

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)

Students wore black armbands to protest the Vietnam War; the court protected symbolic speech in schools if it doesn't disrupt learning.

New York Times Co. v. United States (1971)

The government tried to prevent the New York Times from publishing classified documents; the court affirmed the principle against prior restraint, upholding freedom of the press.

Schenck v. United States (1919)

A man distributed leaflets urging resistance to the draft; the court established the 'clear and present danger' test for limiting free speech.

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

A judicial appointee sued for the delivery of his commission; established the Supreme Court’s power of judicial review.

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

A man accused of a felony was denied a lawyer; the court ruled states must provide legal counsel to defendants who can’t afford it.

McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

Incorporated the Second Amendment’s right to bear arms to the states, restricting local gun control laws.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

African American students were segregated; the court declared separate schools unconstitutional, overturning Plessy v. Ferguson.

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)

Challenged campaign finance law, arguing that restricting independent political spending violates free speech; increased the influence of money in politics.

Baker v. Carr (1962)

Challenged Tennessee's apportionment system, arguing it violated 'one person, one vote'; established the principle of 'one person, one vote' in state legislatures.

Shaw v. Reno (1993)

North Carolina created a congressional district with an irregular shape to elect a Black representative; limited the use of race as the predominant factor in redistricting.

Roe v. Wade (1973)

The court established a woman’s right to an abortion.