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FITT Guidelines
Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type of Activity
(these guidelines help create fitness activities)
Frequency
How often does the activity occur?
the number of sessions that the activity might take to achieve the desired results
Intensity
How difficult is the activity level (mild to moderate)?
intensity gives an indication of how difficult the activity might be.
Why is intensity important to monitor?
so that instruction can be increased or decreased, depending on intensity of activity
remember to always monitor cardio-respiratory exertion
Time
how long does it take to perform the activity?
the duration of the activity is dependent on the intensity and type of activity
What are the minimum and ideal timings for aerobic activity in a 1 hour activity?
Minimum: 8 - 10 minutes
Ideal Aerobic time should be at least 20 minutes during a 1-hour activity
Type
What kind of activity is it?
the type of activity describes the mode of activity
most activities can be adapted to comply with the FITT model, so teacher should focus on activities that will help them to achieve their desired instructional goals
What should all activities include?
warm-up, strength development, aerobic activity, and cool-down
Physical Fitness includes…
any activity with bodily movements that produce a contraction of skeletal muscles and increase energy through exercise, sports, dance, and other movement forms
Do recess, intramural sports and athletic programs constitute standards-based physical education instruction?
No they don’t, they are not a substitute for a high-quality physical education program
but they do provide opportunities for student learning
According to the Physical Education Framework for California Public Schools, all physical education programs should do the following:
Establish a Safe Environment
Include Class Management
Employ Effective Teaching Behaviors
Transfer Learning
Encourage Practice
Establish a Safe Environment
2 components:
actual physical environment - equipment safety and appropriate class size, communication systems in case of emergency, proper instruction for equipment use and sufficient supervision at at all times
psychological subjective environment - students feel physically, emotionally, and socially safe during instructional process
Include Class Management
an effective classroom management system sets the state for high quality physical education instruction by providing the time and opportunity for learning to occur
promotes student engagement and maximizes instructional effectiveness
effective class management is carefully and systematically planned
Employ Effective Teaching Behaviors
successful teachers have high expectations for every student and use effective teaching behaviors to ensure that every student achieves the grade-level standards
“Effective Teaching Behaviors” refers to?
the decisions that teachers make regarding the use of time and their interaction with students
What do PE teachers use to support student learning?
planning for every lesson
using time effectively
providing effective practice
providing positive specific or corrective feedback
keeping students engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity at least 50% of instructional time
keeping students engaged in academic learning
improving speed and accuracy
applying motor learning concepts to instructional practices
Transfer Learning
the learning of one skill can have a positive or negative effect on the learning of another skill
when the impact is positive it is called “positive transfer of learning”
when the impact is negative, it is called “negative transfer of learning”
Why should we provide students with information about the ways in which skills are similar?
helps them positively transfer the appropriate learning from the first learned skill to the second
minimize the potential interference of the first skill in the learning of the second skill
ex: the overhand movement pattern is used in the overhand volleyball serve, tennis serve and badminton smash
when learning the tennis serve after having learned the volleyball serve, students should be alerted of similarities, student should be alerted to the similarities between the two serves
Encourage Practice
practice can be spaced out over time (distributed practice) or completed in one instructional period (mass practice)
What is the most effective form of practice?
Distributed Practice, therefore students practice a number of different skills during each class period.
Whole Practice vs Part Practice
Whole Practice: practice involving the entire skill
Part Practice: practice broken down into smaller units
Example of whole and part practice for the triple jump (involves a hop, skip and a jump)
whole: performing the hop, skip and jump together
part: practicing the hop, then practicing the skip, then practicing the jump
