Guidelines for Fitness Development Programs

FITT Guidelines

Frequency

Intensity

Time

Type of Activity

(these guidelines help create fitness activities)

Frequency

How often does the activity occur?

the number of sessions that the activity might take to achieve the desired results

Intensity

How difficult is the activity level (mild to moderate)?

• intensity gives an indication of how difficult the activity might be.

Why is intensity important to monitor?

so that instruction can be increased or decreased, depending on intensity of activity

remember to always monitor cardio-respiratory exertion

Time

how long does it take to perform the activity?

the duration of the activity is dependent on the intensity and type of activity

What are the minimum and ideal timings for aerobic activity in a 1 hour activity?

Minimum: 8 - 10 minutes

Ideal Aerobic time should be at least 20 minutes during a 1-hour activity

Type

What kind of activity is it?

the type of activity describes the mode of activity

most activities can be adapted to comply with the FITT model, so teacher should focus on activities that will help them to achieve their desired instructional goals

What should all activities include?

warm-up, strength development, aerobic activity, and cool-down

Physical Fitness includes…

any activity with bodily movements that produce a contraction of skeletal muscles and increase energy through exercise, sports, dance, and other movement forms

Do recess, intramural sports and athletic programs constitute standards-based physical education instruction?

No they don’t, they are not a substitute for a high-quality physical education program

but they do provide opportunities for student learning

According to the Physical Education Framework for California Public Schools, all physical education programs should do the following:

• Establish a Safe Environment

• Include Class Management

• Employ Effective Teaching Behaviors

• Transfer Learning

• Encourage Practice

Establish a Safe Environment

2 components:

1. actual physical environment - equipment safety and appropriate class size, communication systems in case of emergency, proper instruction for equipment use and sufficient supervision at at all times

2. psychological subjective environment - students feel physically, emotionally, and socially safe during instructional process

Include Class Management

• an effective classroom management system sets the state for high quality physical education instruction by providing the time and opportunity for learning to occur

• promotes student engagement and maximizes instructional effectiveness

• effective class management is carefully and systematically planned

Employ Effective Teaching Behaviors

• successful teachers have high expectations for every student and use effective teaching behaviors to ensure that every student achieves the grade-level standards

“Effective Teaching Behaviors” refers to?

the decisions that teachers make regarding the use of time and their interaction with students

What do PE teachers use to support student learning?

• planning for every lesson

• using time effectively

• providing effective practice

• providing positive specific or corrective feedback

• keeping students engaged in moderate to vigorous physical activity at least 50% of instructional time

• keeping students engaged in academic learning

• improving speed and accuracy

• applying motor learning concepts to instructional practices

Transfer Learning

• the learning of one skill can have a positive or negative effect on the learning of another skill

• when the impact is positive it is called “positive transfer of learning”

• when the impact is negative, it is called “negative transfer of learning”

Why should we provide students with information about the ways in which skills are similar?

helps them positively transfer the appropriate learning from the first learned skill to the second

minimize the potential interference of the first skill in the learning of the second skill

ex: the overhand movement pattern is used in the overhand volleyball serve, tennis serve and badminton smash

when learning the tennis serve after having learned the volleyball serve, students should be alerted of similarities, student should be alerted to the similarities between the two serves

Encourage Practice

practice can be spaced out over time (distributed practice) or completed in one instructional period (mass practice)

What is the most effective form of practice?

Distributed Practice, therefore students practice a number of different skills during each class period.

Whole Practice vs Part Practice

Whole Practice: practice involving the entire skill

Part Practice: practice broken down into smaller units

Example of whole and part practice for the triple jump (involves a hop, skip and a jump)

whole: performing the hop, skip and jump together

part: practicing the hop, then practicing the skip, then practicing the jump