Post 53: Unit 4 (Part 1): External Bleeding, and Facial Wounds

Credit to Clare Molloy for the Quizlet

The 3 types of wounds

capillary, venous, arterial

Capillary Bleeding

oozing blood, least severe

Venous Bleeding

flowing blood, some severity

Arterial Bleeding

spurting blood (in rhythm with heart), most severe

Kinds of Open Wounds

abrasions, lacerations, incisions, punctures, avulsions, amputations

Amputation

complete removal of a limb

Avulsion

a flap of skin torn loose but still attached and hanging from the body

Puncture

a hole made by a sharp object

Incision

A slice made into the body tissue(precise)

Laceration

jagged wound(imprecise)

Abrasion

Scrape of the skin

Before caring for external bleeding

put on PPE and expose the wound

To stop bleeding (step 1/6)

Cover the wound with a sterile or clean dressing

To stop bleeding (step 2/6)

apply direct pressure on the wound

to stop bleeding (step 3/6)

If bleeding doesn't stop within 10 minutes add more dressings and press harder

to stop bleeding (step 4/6)

Apply a bandage

to stop bleeding (step 5/6)

If bleeding continues call 911 or consider a tourniquet

to stop bleeding (step 6/6)

Dispose of gloves and equipment

Applying a Tourniquet (manufactured) (step 1/4)

Firmly apply at least 2 in/5 cm above the wound (in between wound and heart)

Applying a Tourniquet (manufactured) (step 2/4)

tighten the tourniquet until bleeding stops and secure in place

Applying a Tourniquet (manufactured) (step 3/4)

write TQ and time applied on tape and stick to the forehead

Applying a Tourniquet (manufactured (step 4/4)

DONT cover or remove a tourniquet

Applying a Tourniquet (improvised) (step 1/6)

Use bandage-type cloth folded into a long band about 2 in/5cm wide and several layers thick

Apply a tourniquet (improvised) (step 2/6)

wrap band twice around arm/leg and tie a knot

Apply a tourniquet (improvised) (step 3/6)

put a rigid object onto the knot and tie a square knot on top

Apply a tourniquet (improvised) (step 4/6)

twist the rigid object until bleeding stops and secure in place

Apply a tourniquet (improvised) (step 5/6)

write TQ and time applied on tape and stick to forehead

Apply a tourniquet (improvised) (step 6/6)

DONT cover or remove a tourniquet

When to use a tourniquet

If bleeding from an arm or a leg will not stop with direct pressure, always call 911 when resorting to a tourniquet

Hemostatic Dressing

a gauze-style dressing saturated with an agent that stops bleeding

When to use a hemostatic dressing

if direct pressure can't stop bleeding and a tourniquet isn't available, ineffective, or cannot be applied, always call 911 when resorting to a hemostatic dressing

Shallow Wound Care (part 1/6)

gently wash inside and around the wound with warm/room temperature water

Shallow Wound care (part 2/6)

flush it with pressurized water

shallow wound care (part 3/6)

pat it dry

shallow wound care (part 4/6)

if bleeding restarts apply pressure

shallow wound care (part 5/6)

apply antibiotic ointment once bleeding stops

shallow wound care (part 6/6)

cover wound with clean sterile dressing

What shouldn't you apply for a shallow wound

alcohol, iodine, or hydrogen peroxide

Severe Wound Care (part 1/4)

For high risk infection- clean as best you can

Severe Wound Care (part 2/4)

cover with sterile, clean dressing

Severe Wound Care (part 3/4)

hold dressing in place with bandage

Severe Wound Care (part 4/4)

care for shock (keep from getting chilled/overheated)

Signs of infection

swelling, reddening, warmth, throbbing, pus discharge

If there's an infection (part 1/6)

soak the wound in warm water

If there's an infection (part 2/6)

seek medical care for infected wounds

If there's an infection (part 3/6)

apply antibiotic ointment

if there's an infection (part 4/6)

change dressings several times a day (unless still bleeding)

if there's an infection (part 5/6)

give pain meds

if there's an infection (part 6/6)

seek medical care if infection gets worse

Friction blisters include (symptoms 1)

hot spots (painful red areas caused by rubbing)

Friction blisters include (symptoms 2)

closed and not very painful

friction blisters include (symptoms 3)

open or torn and very painful

For not painful blisters

Bandage

For closed painful blisters (part 1/5)

Clean blister and needle with alcohol prep pad

For closed painful blisters (part 2/5)

make several small holes at base NOT one large hole and gently press fluid out

For closed painful blisters (part 3/5)

don't remove blister roof unless torn

For closed painful blisters (part 4/5)

cover paper tape with adhesive tape, trim and round tape to prevent peeling

For closed painful blisters (part 5/5)

watch for signs of infection from pus discharge

For open or torn painful blisters (part 1/6)

Use scissors to trim dead skin

For open or torn painful blisters (part 2/6)

place blister pad (Spenco 2nd Skin) over the raw skin

For open or torn painful blisters (part 3/6)

cover the blister pad with paper tape

For open or torn painful blisters (part 4/6)

cover paper tape with elastic or adhesive tape

For open or torn painful blisters (part 5/6)

trim and round edges to prevent peeling

For open or torn painful blisters (part 6/6)

watch for signs of infection

Types of Nosebleeds

anterior and posterior

Anterior nosebleed

bleeding from front of the nose coming out the front of the nose, most common type of nosebleed

Posterior nosebleed

bleeding from the back of the nose blood goes backwards, most serious type of nosebleed

Why posterior nosebleeds are dangerous

blood could flow down into the lungs or the stomach

Signs of a nose injury

swelling
bleeding
trouble breathing
deformity

Care for Nosebleed (step 1/4)

lean victim slightly forward

Care for Nosebleed (step 2/4)

pinch nose for 5-10 minutes {if bleeding has not stopped have the patient gently blow their nose to get rid of blood clots}

Care for Nosebleed (step 3/4)

apply an icepack to their nose

Care for Nosebleed (step 4/4)

seek medical care if bleeding cant be controlled

Signs of a broken nose

pain, swelling, deformity, bleeding, breathing difficulty through nostrils, possibly black eye(s)

why do we bleed a lot on our face

our face is very vascular

What does vascular mean?

A lot of blood vessels

care for a broken nose (step 1/4)

If bleeding care for the nosebleed

care for broken nose (step 2/4)

apply an ice pack for 15 minutes

care for broken nose (step 3/4)

DONT try to straighten nose

care for broken nose (step 4/4)

seek medical care

Mouth Injuries

Bitten lip/tongue, broken tooth, knocked out tooth, infected tooth, toothache, cavity, bleeding mouth

For a bleeding mouth (step 1/4)

allow blood to drain

For a bleeding mouth (step 2/4)

Place dressing on bleeding toungue

For a bleeding mouth (step 3/4)

if cut on lip: rolled dressing between lip and gum, dressing on outer lip

For a bleeding mouth (step 4/4)

Seek medical care

For a knocked out tooth (step 1/3)

place gauze in the socket or gently push tooth into socket

For a knocked out tooth (step 2/3)

save the tooth (keep in saliva/milk/salt water)

For a knocked out tooth (step 3/3)

seek dental care/medical care

What never to touch on a knocked out tooth

Root

For a broken tooth (step 1/6)

rinse mouth with warm water

for broken tooth (step 2/6)

apply a cold pack to cheek

for broken tooth (step 3/6)

collect tooth fragments

for broken tooth (step 4/6)

keep air exposure to a minimum and stabilize jaw

for broken tooth (step 5/6)

save to broken piece(s) (keep in saliva/milk/salt water)

for broken tooth (step 6/6)

contact dentist and give them the fragments

Eye Injuries

foreign objects in eye, penetrating eye injuries, blows to the eye, eye avulsion (popped out), cuts to eye/lid, chemicals in eye, eye burns

care for an infected or abscessed tooth (step 1/6)

look for swelling of gums/foul breath

care for an infected or abscessed tooth (step 2/6)

rinse mouth with warm water

care for an infected or abscessed tooth (step 3/6)

give pain meds

care for an infected or abscessed tooth (step 4/6)

apply cold pack