program design uiowa final

The City of Iowa City Parks and Recreation Department that receives funding from community taxes as well as registration fees is an example of:

A pubic / governmental organization

Based on the discussion of the evolution of types of economies relevant to programming for recreation, the United States economy has evolved through which of the following stages?

From agricultural to industrial to service to experience economies

Receiving a medal at the end of a 5K is an example of which of the following:

an extrinsic reward

Networks, norms, and trust between people all are characteristics of:

social capital

As discussed in the module topic videos, research on peak experiences has shown that:

The beginning and ending of experiences are most memorable to individuals.

According to the class video presentation, which of the following factors of those listed is most important to providing satisfying recreation experiences?

Freedom of choice to participate

The Bunny Hutch includes a putt-putt golf course, a sandwich and ice cream stand, batting cages, and driving range. The owner keeps all profits made from these operations. This is an example of: 

  A Private / Commercial organization

The YMCA/YWCA are 501(c)(3) organizations that receive revenues from memberships, fees, and donations that are fed back into the organization's budget to operate programs, facilities, and services. They are examples of which type of organization?

a private / nonprofit

Recreation programs are intentionally designed to do which of the following?

Result in positive benefits and/or outcomes for program participants.

The history of programming grew out of:

a perception on the part of social reformers that play and recreation could improve people's lives

What might be a benefit that emerges through a recreation program "chain of causality?"  

Increased overall community wellness that drives down health-care costs.

Time famine is an example of what?

A constraint to participation

In the late 1800s, social welfare reformers and playground movement advocates like Jane Addams of Chicago's Hull House and Joseph Lee of Boston, believed which of the following statements:

Supervised play could improve the mental, moral and physical well-being of children

Which would be considered an immediate short-term benefit (that could possibly lead to longer-term benefits) of a recreation program offering?

Social benefit from meeting others who enjoy similar activities.

A person is motivated to engage in learning to play pickleball because he or she loves to learn new skills. This is an example of what?

Intrinsic motivation

The Disney brand was one of the first recreation providers to act upon the concept of intentionally modifying experiences when such things as videos, displays, applicable set designs, and animated objects were incorporated into the waiting lines at Disneyland and Walt Disney World.

true

When people are involved in planning and designing their own recreation experiences, they are demonstrating:

An internal locus of control

Private / Non Profit organizations are called "Non Profits" because:

Any profit they collect is applied back into the organization to support its operations.

Initially, many aspects of the recreation movement were focused on:

Providing supervised places for children to play

For staff members to best support agency program development:

Their philosophies and values should align with the agency / organization philosophies and values.

The program development process is “circular and cyclical.” This means that…

it starts and ends at the same place, and utilizes information gained earlier in the process.

Which of the following is a true statement regarding organization philosophy?

The organization philosophy is determined by many forces, including administrators, leadership, community members, and the political climate.

Ideally, a _______________ statement describes the overall purpose of an organization (what it does or what it is about) while a ____________ statement indicates intention for future or long-term impact (what it aspires to).   

Mission; Vision

Complete this sentence with the best answer:

Involving constituents (people who are being served by your agency) in program planning......

Is an element of strong planning efforts.

Together, organization philosophy and principles provide the philosophical basis for organization existence.  As discussed in Lecture Topic 4.1, which of the following functions do they provide for organization planning?

Foundation, Direction, and Reflection

The most effective way to engage constituents (the population you are serving) in program planning is …

 

Conduct an anonymous paper or online survey, ask people who are already active in programs you offer, and through face-to-face discussions with people from the community.

In Video 4.1 I provide examples of several mission statements of various recreational agencies and discuss key words within those statements. While there are some similarities in overall purpose among many of these agencies, what do those "key words" tell us?

 

They clarify the organization's unique identity that sets it apart from others and establish what the organization is focused on.

All of the following concepts listed below might have a place in some agency's program design, but only one of the responses provides the "overarching principles" of program planning in recreational services as described by textbook authors and Lecture Topic 4.2.

Which response correctly identifies those "overarching principles?"

Delivering quality experiences and responding to collective needs.

Which of the following planning frameworks includes the use of a flowchart as a program timeline that ideally begins with establishment of objectives and carries through the evaluation process?

  PERT Chart

Which of the following factors of the planning process, as described in Lecture Topic 4.2, involves exploring the impact of forces that originate outside of the organization?

Opportunities / Threats

Activities and events that are repeated over time and have some meaning to the community are known as:

Traditions

Cause, idea or policy set to assist under-represented or underserved groups

social advocacy model

Focus is on “giving people what they want or say they need”

marketing model

Focused on helping communities determine strengths & weaknesses then logically distributing community resources

social planning model

Individuals are full partners or even initiators of program development

Community development model

For the purposes of this class and as defined by this textbook, _______________ are broad statements of intent and ________________ are steps to reach them.

  Goals / Objectives

Implementation / administrative objectives are more _____________________________, while behavioral objectives / outcomes are more _________________________________.

Procedural-centered / Participant-centered

When writing objectives / outcomes for your program projects you put effort into determining a method of measurement for those objectives and outcomes.

Why is it important that a programmer decide on a measurement method EARLY in the program planning rather than LATER when the program is almost over?

If the method of measurement is determined early, as the program itself is being developed, the programmer may intentionally design the program to include the method as part of the program.

"Assure that everyone can participate in a program or activity, regardless of their challenges..." or "Provide opportunities for the community to come together,"  would be examples of which of the following?

Agency or organization goals

The "Degree" piece of the A-B-C-D approach to writing outcomes refers to how well or to what degree of competence the behavior will be accomplished. 

True

Outcomes-based evaluations are important because .....

They assist programmers to see the impact of their programs on participants.

Which of the following statements meets all of the parameters of a "SMART" administrative objective for a program?

To attract at least 10% more girls to the youth softball league within the next 3 years.

I happen to see 6 of my students from this class in the hallway of the Field House, so I ask those 6 to give me their thoughts regarding the effectiveness of the course.  In this case, my evaluation method would include the use of _______________ . 

a convenience sample

A yes/no or true/false question is considered which of the following?

a forced choice question

This evaluation model measures monetary efficiency more so than program effectiveness or quality.

Cost Benefit Analysis

“On a scale of 1 to 5, please rate the quality of the program.” This is an example of which type of question?

Likert scale item

When we strive for validity in our evaluation instruments, what are we trying to ensure?

that questions asked or instruments used actually measure what we want them to measure

An evaluator who does headcounts and measures the percentages of met goals and objectives…

Is using quantitative methods.

When should an evaluation plan be developed for a program or event?

During the original planning process for the program.

What is one of the problems with using head counts as the only evaluation method?

It only indicates if people were interested in attending, not whether they were satisfied with the event once they attended.

When writing objectives and outcomes for your program projects you put effort into determining a method of measurement for those objectives and outcomes. Why is this important in planning a program? 

An appropriate measure is the method by which we know if something was achieved or accomplished.

Why is evaluation crucial to successful programs?

We can learn how to improve programs and program delivery

A four-week youth dance program is in its second week. You conduct an evaluation by asking questions of the current participants to see what improvements to make. You are doing what?

Conducting a formative evaluation

If we want to find out what a particular group of people (ethnic, age, sex) thinks about our programs, we probably would choose which sampling technique?

purposive

What is the problem with the wording of following evaluation question? “Was the bathroom clean and well-stocked?”

Its difficult to answer with a simple "yes" or "no" because it's actually asking two questions.

While they are sometimes used interchangeably in programming, the Timeline refers to steps in long-term overview planning, while the Checklist refers to more specific tasks in preparing for a program or event. 

true

What is the purpose of "Job Aides" or "Job Aide sheets"?

They provide tips for doing tasks and/or additional information for a staff or volunteer.

Which of the following is the primary reason that program planners should consider putting post-experience reflection and memory mechanisms in place? 

It enhances the overall experience and increases the likelihood of individuals returning or recommending the program to others.

Which of the following are considerations that should be taken into account in determining the appropriate number of staff for a program or event?

Another term that programmers use to describe planning for the "participation phase" is:

animation

For which of the following programs/events should you consider requiring pre-registration?

The program is held during Spring Break and includes taking children by bus to the beach, the program is a day camp that includes box lunches, and the program is a 10K Walk for Wellness and participants receive a T-shirt.

If we "outsource" the staff who provide electrical hookups and oversight for the Thursday Nights Concert Series, we are mainly using the electricians that work within our agency. 

false

When people express a need for a program, plan to do it, and purchase clothing and gear for the program, they are in which phase of the program?

pre-experience

An agency / organization makes money from concessions, rentals, grants and program registration fees. These are all examples of ....

revenue streams

How are pricing and costs related to accessibility for people with disabilities in government-funded public agencies?

Agencies receiving government funding must cover the cost of providing assistance to those with disabilities and no extra cost to the participant.

Which is an example of an "in-kind" contribution to a program or event?

Volunteers from local Boy and Girl Scout Troups direct runners and hand out water at a 5K.

Costs that can be directly attributed to a program and vary proportionately with numbers of participants are:

Variable Costs

A programmer looks at what two nearby agencies are charging for a similar program and sees that one charges $20/person and the other charges $18/per person. The programmer decides to charge $17/per person for their program even though it will require him/her to find additional funding from sponsors. What is this process called?

Competition-based pricing

The fixed cost for a kickball league includes rental of the venue as well as umpire and supervisor hourly pay for a total of $12,000. If these are the only expenses that the league administrators want to recover, how many teams would be needed to break even if each team were charged $100?

120 teams

When related to pricing, "tolerance zone" may be characterized as what?

People prefer small raises in price over time rather than one big price increase.

If you believed in subsidizing some programs, you would...

take the revenue earned from one program and use it to reduce the cost of another program

Identifying where finances are coming from, how much to spend where, and how to make efficient use of resources describes....

The process of budgeting

Which of the following is an example of program lump-sum budgeting?

A programmer is given $1,500 to spend on a special event without guidelines as to expense areas.

Which budgeting system appropriates a specific dollar amount to each expenditure category identified in the budget?

line item budgeting

Indirect costs are sometimes referred to as....

overhead costs

An restaurant supports a local park softball program by providing some funding for the program. The program then puts the name of the restaurant on the team uniforms. The restaurant is doing which of the following? 

sponsoring the program

An organization charges one fee for children, another for adults, and another for seniors. What is this known as?

differential pricing

A common challenge related to pricing that is often faced by those in the public and nonprofit sectors is...

the need to ensure quality and customer demand for people of all income levels.

When referring to a program or event budget, resealing the gym floor, custodian services, and salaries for organization directors / administrators, would all be considered:

indirect costs

Under what circumstances might there be little or no concern about "cost recovery" for a program?

When the program is considered a community benefit.

Which category is this type of expenditure, where the total increases in the same direction, but not proportionately with the change in number of participants?

Changing fixed costs

If you were operating a program at "full cost recovery" you would...

seek various revenue streams that together will cover the total direct and indirect expenses/costs of running the program

What trend commonly affects the concept of "doing more with less?"

Recessions

Which type of budget requires a yearly justification of all programs and services and involves starting from scratch each year in determining overall expenditures?

zero based budgeting

If you are planning a program and the actual revenue ends up being more than the expenses, the difference between revenues and expenses is called:

net profit