AQA Y10 Breathing and Respiration

Thorax

Chest are of body above diaphragm

Trachea

Allows air to pass to and from lungs (windpipe)

Larynx

Voice box

Bronchi

Two short branches located at the lower end of the trachea that carry air into the lungs.

Bronchioles

Airways in the lungs that lead from the bronchi to the alveoli.

Alveoli

Terminal air sacs that constitute the gas exchange surface of the lungs.

Intercostal muscles

Muscles which move the rib cage during breathing

Diaphragm

Large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing

Ribcage

The bones that protect the lungs.

Pleural membrane

Membrane that encloses the lungs within the rib cage

Gas exchange

The process of obtaining oxygen from the environment and releasing carbon dioxide

Inspiration

Breathing in (inhalation)

Expiration

Breathing out (exhalation)

Exothermic

Chemical Reaction in which energy is primarily given off in the form of heat

Aerobic respiration

Respiration that requires oxygen

Respiration equation

glucose + oxygen --> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Formula for glucose

C6 H12 O6

Glycogen

Storage form of glucose im mammals

Starch

Storage form of glucose in plants

Metabolism

All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism

Lactic acid

Produced in muscle cells from anaerobic respiration

Anaerobic respiration

Respiration that does not require oxygen

Equation for anaerobic repiration in mammals

Glucose --> lactic acid + energy

Anaerobic respiration in plants and yeast

Glucose ——> ethanol + CO2 + energy

Fermentation

The chemical action of yeast on sugars

Oxygen debt

The amount of oxygen required after physical exercise to convert accumulated lactic acid into water and carbon dioxide