Water, Mixtures, and Solution Concentrations

Vocabulary flashcards covering water as a solvent, reactions involving water, water as a lubricant, types of mixtures, and concentration measures including percentage and molarity.

Solvent

A substance that dissolves another substance, known as the solute.

Hydrophilic

"water loving"

Hydrophobic

"water-fearing"

Nonpolar Molecules

Molecules that do not have a charge and are therefore not attracted to water.

Dehydration Synthesis Reaction

When water is removed to make bonds.

Hydrolysis Reaction

When water is added to break bonds.

Water (as a Lubricant)

A major component of body fluids that helps reduce friction as membranes and organs slide over one another.

Water has…

• High heat capacity

• High heat of vaporization

Mixture

A combination of elements or compounds that are physically blended together but not bonded together.

3 types of mixtures

• solution

• Colloid

• Suspension

Solution

When solutes, once mixed, are evenly dispersed among the solvent molecules.

Colloid

When solute particles are large enough to scatter light.

Suspension

When solute particles can settle out of the suspending liquid.

Percentage

Mass per volume

• The number of grams of a substance per $100\,\text{mL}$ of solution

Molarity

Moles Per Liter

• a $1\,\text{molar}$ ($1\,\text{M}$) solution contains $1\,\text{mole}$ of solute in $1\,\text{liter}$ of solution

Acids

Contributes H +

Bases

Contributes OH -

Salts

Contribute neither H+, nor OH -